船舶工业VOCs管控治理现状及对策分析

VOCs emissions from the Shipbuilding industry of China:emission,management,and policy

涂装作为船舶工业生产过程中的3大工艺之一,贯穿了现代造船工业的整个生产过程。以国内部分典型修造船企业为研究对象,收集其油性涂料使用情况、挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)有组织和无组织排放数据,首次披露国内船舶工业典型船企VOCs各工艺环节有组织和无组织的排放情况。通过结合当前国家和地方针对船舶工业所出台政策法规,识别当前船舶工业管理现状薄弱点,并基于各工艺环节排放特征提出针对船舶工业的VOCs管控减排手段。研究结果表明:1)船舶工业由于油性涂料的使用量非常大,单个造修船企业一年VOCs排放量最高可达1900 t。其中预处理和分段涂装段有组织排放环节所产生的VOCs占全厂总VOCs产生量的61%,排放量只占全厂总排放的32%。船坞、码头等无组织排放环节所产生的VOCs占全厂总产生量的39%,但排放量却占全厂总排放的68%。对于有修船工艺的企业而言,无组织排放占比会更高。2)当前的VOCs治理技术不能有效应对船舶工业VOCs排放过程中存在的大风量、低质量浓度、不连续、难收集等行业特点。对于VOCs无组织排放环节,还未形成有效的收集和治理措施。3)针对船舶工业的VOCs管控,需要从控制涂料成分中挥发分含量占比、优化生产工艺和涂装技术以及废气收集等角度进行全流程管控减排。研究结果可为我国船舶行业VOCs精准化管控提供有效支撑。

As one of the three major processes in the production process of the shipbuilding industry,coating runs through the whole production process of the modern shipbuilding industry.This paper takes some typical domestic ship repair and shipbuilding firms as the research object,collects the use of oily coatings and organized and unorganized emission data,discloses the organized and unorganized emission of VOCs in various process links of the shipbuilding industry for the first time,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current organized VOCs treatment process in the shipbuilding industry.Combined with the current national and provincial policies and regulations for the shipbuilding industry,the weak points of the current management status of the shipbuilding industry are identified,and the VOCs control and emission reduction measures for the shipbuilding industry are proposed based on the emission characteristics of each process link.The results show that:(1)due to the large use of oily coatings in the shipbuilding industry,the annual VOCs emission of a single shipbuilding and repair enterprise can reach 1900 tons.Among them,the VOCs generated from the organized emission links of pretreatment and subsection coating section account for 61%of the total VOCs generated by the whole plant,and the emission only accounts for 32%of the total emission of the whole plant;The VOCs generated by the unorganized emission links such as dock and wharf account for 39%of the total emission of the whole plant,but the emission accounts for 68%of the total emission of the whole plant.For enterprises with ship repair technology,the proportion of unorganized emissions will be higher.(2)The current VOCs treatment technology cannot effectively deal with the industrial characteristics of large air volume,low concentration,discontinuity,and difficult collection in the VOCs emission process of the shipbuilding industry.For the unorganized emission of VOCs,effective collection and treatment measures have not been formed.(3)For the VOCs control of the shipbuilding industry,the whole process control and emission reduction should be carried out from the perspectives of controlling the proportion of volatile content of coatings,optimizing production process and coating technology,and waste gas collection.The relevant research results provide effective support for the accurate management and control of VOCs in China's shipbuilding industry.