太湖梅梁湾水环境中全氟和多氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in waters of Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake

以太湖梅梁湾为研究区域,采集地表水和沉积物样品,分析和比较了32种PFASs目标物的污染特征.ΣPFASs在地表水和沉积物中的浓度分别为162.82—187.62 ng·L^(−1)(平均值171.34 ng·L^(−1))和1.04—4.81 ng·g^(−1)干重(平均值3.06 ng·g^(−1)干重).地表水中以PFOA(平均值39.13 ng·L^(−1))、PFHxA(平均值31.71 ng·L^(−1))、PFBA(平均值28.80 ng·L^(−1))、PFBS(平均值16.93 ng·L^(−1))、PFOS(平均值14.49 ng·L^(−1))等中短链化合物为主,沉积物中则以PFOS(平均值0.69 ng·g^(−1)干重)等中长链化合物为主.另外,在地表水和沉积物中检出了3种新型PFASs:全氟丁基磺酰胺(FBSA),全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酸(OBS)和6:2氯代多氟醚磺酸(6:2 Cl-PFESA).PFASs在地表水和沉积物之间的分配与其疏水性及碳链长度有关.生态风险评估结果表明,PFASs对水生生物风险较低;人体健康风险评估表明,通过饮用水估计的PFASs摄入量低于相关标准,不存在健康风险,但PFASs对太湖流域生态环境和周边居民的长期风险仍需引起关注.

Surface water and sediment samples were collected from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,for investigating the pollution characteristics of 32 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).The concentrations ofΣPFASs in water and sediment ranged from 162.82—187.62 ng·L^(−1) and 1.04—4.81 ng·g^(−1) dry weight(dw)with the mean value at 171.34 ng·L^(−1) and 3.06 ng·g^(−1) dw,respectively.Short-and medium-chain PFASs,such as PFOA,PFHxA,PFBA,PFBS,and PFOS,were predominant compounds in water with the mean concentration at 39.13 ng·L^(−1),31.71 ng·L^(−1),28.80 ng·L^(−1),16.93 ng·L^(−1),and 14.49 ng·L^(−1),respectively,while medium-and long-chain compounds such as PFOS(mean concentration:0.69 ng·g^(−1) dw)were dominant in sediment.Additionally,three emerging PFASs,perfluorobutylsulphonamide(FBSA),p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate(OBS),and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA),were also detectable in water and sediment.The distribution of PFASs between water and sediment was strongly related to their hydrophobicity and carbon chain length.The risk assessment showed that PFASs in water display low risk to aquatic organisms.The estimated intake value of PFASs via drinking water was lower than the relevant health standard,indicating that PFASs posed no health risk for the residents.However,the long-term risk of PFASs to the ecological environment of Taihu Lake basin and the surrounding residents still needs to be concerned.