生物炭、醋糟、菌剂对鸡粪存储中理化性质、氨和温室气体排放的影响

Impacts of biochar,vinegar residue and microbial inoculant on the physicochemical properties,ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions of stored chicken manure

降低畜禽粪便存储过程中氨与温室气体排放是推动养殖业绿色发展的重要环节.本研究应用动态箱技术探讨了醋糟覆盖(CZ1)、醋糟混合(CZ2)、生物炭覆盖(BC1)、生物炭混合(BC2)、菌剂喷洒(JJ1)和菌剂混合(JJ2)等处理方法对自然堆存鸡粪的发芽指数、氮素气态损失以及长生命周期(N_(2)O)和短生命周期(CH_(4))温室气体排放的影响.结果表明:(1)鸡粪存储过程中氮素损失最主要方式是NH3排放(>98.0%),温室气体主要以直接和间接N_(2)O排放为主(>85.0%);(2)与对照相比,添加菌剂使得鸡粪存储中氮素气态损失和温室气体排放分别增加了39.4%—63.3%和19.3%—36.7%,醋糟和生物炭处理的氮素气态损失则分别降低了12.4%—32.2%和31.2%—36.2%,温室气体排放降低了23.0%—35.9%和47.5%—49.9%,但醋糟混合处理有增加CH_(4)排放的风险;(3)与醋糟相比,生物炭覆盖和混合处理均可同步降低长生命周期气体N_(2)O和短生命周期CH_(4)排放;(4)醋糟、生物炭处理均可降低鸡粪EC,并提高鸡粪氨氮含量和种子发芽指数.综上,与菌剂和醋糟相比,生物炭覆盖或混合均是降低鸡粪存储过程中氨和温室气体排放、提高鸡粪农田施用安全性的有效措施.

Reducing ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from chicken manure storage is of great importance to promote the green development of livestock industry.This study investigated the impacts of management practices including vinegar residue covering(CZ1),vinegar residue mixing(CZ2),biochar covering(BC1),biochar mixing(BC2),microbial inoculant spraying(JJ1)and microbial inoculants mixing(JJ2)on the germination index,gaseous nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions(including nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and methane(CH_(4)))of the naturally stacked chicken manure compared to the CK without any control.The results showed that:nitrogen loss of the chicken manure storage was dominated by the NH3 emissions(>98.0%),and the greenhouse gas emissions were dominated by the direct and indirect N_(2)O emissions(>85.0%).Compared to the CK,the application of microbial inoculant enhanced the N losses and greenhouse gas emissions by 39.4%—63.3%and 19.3%—36.7%,respectively.However,the application of vinegar residue and biochar reduced the N losses by 12.4%—32.2%and 31.2%—36.2%,respectively,and reduced the greenhouse gas emissions by 23.0%—35.9%and 47.5%—49.9%,respectively;meanwhile,the risk of enhanced CH_(4) emission with the vinegar residue addition was noticed.Of the vinegar and biochar application,the latter practice can both reduce long-lived(N_(2)O)and short-lived(CH_(4))climate pollutants simultaneously.Additionally,applying vinegar residue and biochar improved the quality of chicken manure at the aspects of electrical conductivity,ammonical nitrogen content and germination index.In conclusion,biochar covering or mixing methods are effective measures to reduce NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions from chicken manure storage and can improve the safety of chicken manure utilization in farmland.