基于磁性纳米材料的样品前处理技术在食品检测中的应用研究进展

Recent advances in the application of magnetic nanomaterials-based pretreatment methods in food analysis

磁性纳米材料具有高比表面积、高磁响应性、易分离和表面可修饰位点丰富等优点,使其在样品前处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了磁性纳米材料的主要制备方法(自上而下合成法、自下而上合成法)和功能化策略(表面修饰、核壳结构、多功能复合等);详细介绍了基于磁性纳米材料的4种典型样品前处理模式(磁性固相萃取、磁性固相微萃取、磁性分散固相萃取和基于磁性分子印迹聚合物的固相萃取),分析了各种模式的优缺点,并举例说明了它们在食品分析检测领域的应用;讨论了磁性纳米材料在食品样品前处理中存在的问题并指出发展方向,一方面,开发新型高效磁性纳米材料的功能化策略,提高材料的吸附选择性。另一方面,搭建新型便携式样品前处理装置,如与微流控芯片、纳米机器人等整合,实现自动化、微型化样品前处理,推动食品安全现场快速检测的发展,旨在为磁性纳米材料在食品样品前处理领域的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

Magnetic nanomaterials demonstrate advantages of high specific surface area,high magnetic responsiveness,easy separation,and abundant modifiable surface reaction sites,leading to wide applications in the sample pretreatment field.First,this review outlined main preparation methods(top-down synthesis,bottom-up synthesis)and functionalization strategies(surface modification,core-shell structure,and multifunctional composites)of magnetic nanomaterials.Then,this paper described 4 kinds of typical sample pretreatment modes based on magnetic nanomaterials(magnetic solid-phase extraction,magnetic solid-phase microextraction,magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers-based solid-phase extraction)in detail,including its advantages,disadvantages and applications in the field of food analysis.Finally,this paper discussed the challenges and trends of magnetic nanomaterials in food sample pretreatment.On the one hand,novel yet effective design and functionalization strategies should be exploited to improve the selectivity of magnetic nanomaterials.On the other hand,portable pre-treatment devices should be constructed via integrating with emerging microfluidic chips or nanorobots,which helps to proceed the development of rapid,on-site food safety detection.This review aims to provide references for further research and applications of magnetic nanomaterials in food sample pre-treatment.