自发气调包装和1-甲基环丙烯缓释剂对苹果贮藏品质的影响

Effects of Spontaneous Modified Atmosphere Packaging and 1-Methylcyclopropene Relievers on Apple Storage Quality

为低成本且高效地保持冷藏华月苹果的品质,分别将成熟的华月苹果采用0.02聚乙烯(PE)、0.03PE、0.04PE、0.06PE、自发气调包装(MAP)+1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)缓释剂、0.02PE+1-MCP缓释剂、0.03PE+1-MCP缓释剂、0.04PE+1-MCP缓释剂、0.06PE+1-MCP缓释剂扎口处理形成自发气调环境,于温度(0±0.5)℃、相对湿度85%~90%条件下贮藏,并以0.02 mm厚PE保鲜袋冕口为对照(CK)。定期监测保鲜袋内的O_(2)和CO_(2)体积分数,在贮藏45、90、135 d以及货架7 d时测定各处理果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、内在品质、质地性状等指标,并对果实的内在品质、质地性状进行相关性分析,同时调查果实组织褐变(果皮和果肉)的情况。结果表明,不同厚度保鲜袋内O_(2)和CO_(2)体积分数在第40天时基本达到平衡,不同保鲜袋降低O_(2)浓度,提高CO_(2)浓度水平由高到低依次为0.04PE>0.03PE>0.06PE>0.02PE>0.04PE+1-MCP缓释剂>0.06PE+1-MCP缓释剂>0.03PE+1-MCP缓释剂>0.02PE+1-MCP缓释剂。与其他厚度保鲜袋相比,0.02PE+1-MCP缓释剂和0.03PE+1-MCP缓释剂能够有效抑制果实硬度、可滴定酸含量以及质地性状的下降,降低果皮和果肉褐变发生指数,但对果实维生素C和可溶性固形物含量影响不明显。此外,使用厚度为0.04和0.06 mm的保鲜袋极易使华月苹果发生褐变。综上所述,华月苹果自发气调包装袋厚度不宜超过0.03 mm。既可保持果实内在品质,又可防止果实褐变的最佳组合是0.02 mm PE+1-MCP缓释剂,其次是0.03 mm PE+1-MCP缓释剂。本研究为华月苹果自发气调包装生产、应用和商业冷链提供了理论依据和技术支持。

To maintain the quality of chilled Huayue apple with low cost and high efficiency,matured Huayue fruits were respectively treated with 0.02 polyethylene(PE),0.03 PE,0.04 PE,0.06 PE,modified atmosphere packaged(MAP)+1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)sustained-release agent,0.02PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent,0.03PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent,0.04PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent,and 0.06PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent to form a spontaneous controlled atmosphere environment.They were stored at temperature(0±0.5)℃and relative humidity of 85%~90%,and the crown of a 0.02 mm thick PE preservation bag was used as CK.The concentration of O_(2) and CO_(2) in the fresh-keeping bags were monitored regularly,and the respiratory intensity,ethylene release rate,intrinsic quality and texture traits of each treated fruit were measured at 45,90,135 d of storage and 7 d of shelf life.The correlation analysis of intrinsic quality and texture traits of fruits was conducted,and the browning of fruit tissues(skin and flesh)was investigated.The volume fraction of O_(2) and CO_(2) in the fresh-keeping bags with different thickness basically reached a balance at the 40th day,reduced the concentration of O_(2) and increased the level of CO_(2) concentration from high to low were in the order of 0.04PE>0.03PE>0.06PE>0.02PE>0.04PE+1-MCP relievers>0.06PE+1-MCP relievers>0.03PE+1-MCP relievers>0.02PE+1-MCP relievers.Compared with other thickness preservation bags,the use of 0.02PE+1-MCP relievers and 0.03PE+1-MCP relievers could effectively inhibit the decline of fruit hardness,titratable acidity(TA)content,texture properties,and reduce the browning index of peel and pulp,but show little effect on the content of Vc and SSC in fruit.The freshkeeping bags with the thickness of 0.04 and 0.06 mm are easy to cause the Huayue apple to brown.The thickness of the modified atmosphere packaging bag of Huayue apple should not exceed 0.03 mm.To maintain the internal quality of the fruit while preventing browning,the best combination was 0.02 mm PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent,followed by 0.03 mm PE+1-MCP sustained-release agent.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the production,application,and commercial cold chain of Huayue Apple’s spontaneous modified atmosphere packaging.