航天诱变对四种木本花卉容器苗生长与生理特性的影响

Effects of Space Mutation on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Four Woody Flower Container Seedlings

为研究航天诱变处理对四种木本花卉生长性状及生理特性的影响,利用新一代载人试验飞船搭载凤凰木、蓝花楹、多花红千层、腊肠树种子,返回地面后对容器苗进行生长性状、叶片形态、色素含量、生理活性等指标的测定。结果表明:与对照相比,航天诱变处理的凤凰木种子的成苗率提高6.92个百分点,蓝花楹和红千层种子的成苗率降低8.12和10.66个百分点,腊肠树种子的成苗率无明显改变;凤凰木和腊肠树苗期株高、地径、叶片数、叶(轴)面积等生长性状分别降低了25.74%和45.15%、11.14%和19.51%、9.13%和31.60%、33.62%和32.26%;红千层苗期株高、地径、叶片数、叶长和蓝花楹苗期的叶轴长、叶轴面积等生长性状分别提高了64.93%、37.09%、118.25%、18.78%和26.49%、37.29%;使凤凰木、蓝花楹和红千层苗期叶片中可溶性糖含量分别提高了36.46%、16.77%和7.23%;使腊肠树苗期叶片中可溶性糖含量和脱氢酶(PDHA)活性分别降低了8.59%和39.83%。综合相关性分析结果得出,航天诱变处理对凤凰木和腊肠树苗期的生长及叶片形态参数呈抑制作用,使其发生负向变异;对红千层苗期的生长及叶片形态参数和蓝花楹苗期的叶片形态参数呈促进作用,使其发生正向变异;对凤凰木、蓝花楹和红千层苗期叶片中生理活性物质的影响大于腊肠树。综上,航天诱变处理对四种木本花卉苗期的生长发育产生了重要影响,诱变效果因树种自身特性而异。本研究验证了航天诱变育种是木本花卉种质改良的一种有效途径。

To investigate the effects of space mutation on the growth and physiological characteristics of four woody flowers,a new generation of manned experimental spacecraft was used to carry the seeds of Delonix regia,Jacaranda mimosifolia,Callistemon speciosus,and Cassia fistula.After returning to the ground,the growth characteristics,leaf morphology,pigment content,and physiological activities of the container seedlings were determined.The results showed that after space mutation the survival rate of D.regia increased by 6.92 percentage points,whereas that of J.mimosifolia and C.speciosus decreased by 8.12 and 10.66 percentage points,respectively,and the survival rate of C.fistula had no significant change.The growth characteristics of D.regia and C.fistula seedlings,such as plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,and leaf(axis)area were decreased by 25.74%and 45.15%,11.14%and 19.51%,9.13%and 31.60%,33.62%and 32.26%,respectively.The plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,and leaf length of C.speciosus seedlings and the axis length and axis area of J.mimosifolia seedlings were increased by 64.93%,37.09%,118.25%,18.78%,26.49%,and 37.29%,respectively.The soluble sugar content of D.regia,J.mimosifolia,and C.speciosus seedlings leaves increased by 36.46%,16.77%,and 7.23%,respectively.The soluble sugar content and PDHA activity of C.fistula seedling leaves were decreased by 8.59%and 39.83%,respectively.Combined the results of correlation analysis,it was deduced that space mutation inhibited the growth and leaf morphological characteristics of D.regia and C.fistula seedlings,causing negative variation.While space mutation caused positive variations in the growth and leaf shape characteristics of C.speciosus seedlings and the leaf shape characteristics of J.mimosifolia seedlings.It had no significant effect on the pigment content of the four woody flower seedlings.The impacts of space mutation on the physiologically active substances in the leaves of D.regia,J.mimosifolia,and C.speciosus seedlings were more significant than that on C.fistula.These results indicate that space mutation had an vital effect on the growth and development of four woody flower seedlings.The impacts of space mutation varied with the different characteristics of the tree species.It is an effective way to improve the germplasm of woody flowers.