农村丧偶老人心理健康现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors on Psychological Health of the Widowed Elderly in Rural Areas

目的 了解农村丧偶老人的心理健康现状,并分析其影响因素,为农村丧偶老人的护理提供参考。方法 2022年7-8月,选取湖南省岳阳市3个县30个村的900名丧偶老人,采用老年人心理健康量表和社会支持量表进行调查。结果 农村丧偶老人的心理健康得分为(25.63±4.55)分,多元线性回归分析结果显示,农村丧偶老人心理健康的影响因素为社会支持、性别、自理能力、经济来源,回归方程可解释总变异的54.3%。结论 农村丧偶老人的心理健康总体处于偏低水平,能获取的社会支持较少,女性、自理能力较差及无经济来源的丧偶老人心理健康较差。建议加强政府扶持、家人朋友支持等,多种渠道丰富丧偶老人的社会支持来源,提高丧偶老人对社会支持的利用度和个人自理能力,以改善丧偶老人的心理健康状况。

Objective:The purpose of this study is to understand the mental health level of the widowed elderly in rural areas,analyze its influencing factors,and to provide references for the nursing work.Methods:From July to August in 2022,a total of 900 widowed elderly from 30 administrative villages in three counties of Yueyang City,Hunan Province were investigated by using the mental health scale and social support scale.Results:The mental health score of the widowed elderly in rural areas was(25.63±4.55).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of mental health of the widowed elderly in rural areas were social support,gender,self-care ability,and financial source.The regression equation can explain 54.3% of the total variation.Conclusion:The mental health of the widowed elderly in rural areas was generally at a low level,and they had less access to social support,especially women,poor self-care ability and the elderly who have no financial resources bear poor mental health.Government support,family and friends support and other channels should be strengthened to enrich the sources of social support for the widowed elderly to improve their utilization of social support and self-care ability,and their mental health status.