轻型新型冠状病毒感染者康复后抗体水平特点分析

Analysis of antibody levels in mild patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection after recovery

目的分析轻型新冠病毒感染者康复后抗体水平特点及影响因素,为预防及控制新冠病毒感染提供依据。方法随机选取2023年1月5日至5月22日在上海市第十人民医院体检或住院人群检测后剩余血清样本,采用化学发光免疫分析试剂盒检测新冠病毒IgG、IgM和中和抗体,收集相关临床信息,并使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入210例轻型感染者康复后血清样本,患者中位年龄为41(33,59)岁,中位感染时间为54(29,64)d;其中男性103例(49%),女性107例(51%);无基础病80例(38.1%),有基础病130例(61.9%)。抗体水平受到多种因素的影响,其中性别、基础疾病和疫苗接种剂次3个因素对抗体水平具有重要的影响。女性轻型感染者体内IgG和中和抗体水平高于男性,而IgM水平低于男性;有基础疾病的轻型感染者体内IgG和中和抗体水平低于无基础疾病者,而IgM水平高于无基础疾病者;接种过新冠疫苗的轻型感染者体内IgG和中和抗体水平高于未接种人群,而加强接种人群IgG和中和抗体水平更高。轻型感染者体内抗体水平与感染时间、年龄、BMI等之间无显著相关性。结论女性轻型感染者可能具有更高的免疫保护水平和更低的感染风险。有基础疾病的轻型感染者可能具有更低的免疫保护水平和更高的感染风险。加强新冠病毒疫苗接种可以产生更高水平的抗体。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of antibody levels in patients with mild SARS-Cov-2 infection after rehabilitation,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of SARS-Cov-2 infection.Methods The remaining serum samples after physical examination or in-patient detection in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital from January 5 to May 22,2023 were randomly selected.The levels of IgG,IgM and neutralizing antibody against SARS-Cov-2 were detected by the magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay.Relevant informations were collected and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results A total of 210 serum samples of recovered patients with mild SARS-Cov-2 infection were included,with a median age of 41(33,59)years and a median infection time of 54(29,64)days.Among them,there were 103 males(49%)and 107 females(51%).80(38.1%)had no underlying diseases and 130(61.9%)had underlying diseases.Antibody levels were influenced by multiple factors,and gender,underlying diseases,and vaccination doses had important impacts on antibody levels.The levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies in female patients with mild SARS-Cov-2 infection were higher than those in males,while the IgM levels were lower than those in males.The levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies in female patients with underlying diseases were lower than those without underlying illnesses,while the IgM levels were higher than those without underlying illnesses.The patients vaccinated the vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 had higher levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies than those without vaccination,while those received the booster vaccination had higher levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies.There was no significant correlation between antibody levels and infection time,age,and body mass index(BMI).Conclusion Female patients with mild SARS-Cov-2 infection may have higher immune protection levels and a lower risk of infection.The patients with underlying diseases may have lower immune protection levels and a higher risk of infection.Boosting vaccinations against SARS-Cov-2 can produce higher levels of antibodies.