白令海海冰变化及其影响研究综述

The change and influence of sea ice over Bering Sea:a review

白令海是北冰洋的边缘海,其海冰变化与北极其他海域存在巨大差异。近10年来,白令海海冰面积发生显著减少,对区域水文、大气甚至生态系统造成巨大影响,甚至影响到中纬度乃至我国气候系统。基于卫星观测、模式模拟等多种手段,学术界对白令海海冰时空变化特征及其影响因子进行了大量的研究。本文阐述了白令海近期海冰变化,回顾了海冰变化的影响因子,总结了白令海海冰变化对水文、大气、生态系统以及中纬度气候系统的影响。通过对已有研究进行综合分析指出,受研究方法缺陷和观测数据缺失,以及探索因果关系机制的综合性研究较少的影响,对于驱动季节内白令海海冰变化机理认识仍然不足。进一步指出,需要加强对前期海冰对后期海冰影响、风场对海冰的拖拽作用、暖平流对海冰的影响尺度以及海冰面积变化尺度演变等方向的研究。

The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean,and its sea ice changes differ considerably from other marginal seas.The sea ice area(SIA)in the Bering Sea has shrunk significantly over the last decade,af⁃fecting regional hydrology,the atmosphere,and even the ecosystem,as well as the mid-latitude and our nation⁃al climate systems.Lots of efforts have been conducted in the temporal and spatial characteristics of sea ice based on satellite observation,simulation,diagnostic analyses,and so on.The recent changes in sea ice in the Bering Sea are proposed,as well as the impact factors of sea ice changes.Simultaneously,the effects of Bering Sea ice changes on hydrology,atmosphere,ecosystems,and the mid-latitude climate system are summarized.According to a comprehensive review of current studies,the understanding of the mechanism of sea ice change on an intraseasonal time scale is still insufficient due to the limitation of current study approaches and observation data on seawater current,as well as a lack of systematic analysis to explore the causal relationship.It is also stat⁃ed that more research on the impact of early sea ice on later sea ice,the drag effect of wind field on sea ice,the time scale of the effect of warm advection on sea ice,and the time-scale evolution of sea ice change is required.