临武土话否定词的主客观分工

On Subjective and Objective Division of Negative Words in Linwu Dialect

临武土话的“□[me33]”和“□[ma11]”都作“不”讲,但二者在否定意义上存在主客观差异。“□[me33]”是一般否定词,分布广泛,否定功能复杂而宽泛,没有明确的主观否定倾向。“□[ma11]”是主观意愿的专用否定词,否定施事主语的主观意愿,可实施“拒绝”的言语行为。从语义特征上看,是否具有[+主观意愿]的意义是“□[me33]”和“□[ma11]”的重要区别,也是二者在语法分布和语用功能上产生差异的语义动因。[+主观意愿]并没有成为“□[me33]”的词汇化的语义特征,而只是它的否定辖域。“□[ma11]”通过语音熔合将[+主观意愿]实现词汇化,成为其固有的语义特征。

In Linwu dialect,“[me^(33)]”and“[ma^(11)]”are both spoken as“no”(不),but there are subjectivity and objectivity differences in their negative meanings.“[me^(33)]”is a general negative word,widely distributed,with complex and broad negative function,and no clear subjective negative tendency.“[ma^(11)]”is a specialized word for subjective will,which negates the subjective will of the agent and can implement the speech act of“refusal”.From the perspective of semantic features,the significant difference between“[me^(33)]”and“[ma^(11)]”is whether they have the meaning of[+subjective intention],which is also the semantic motivation for the differences in gram-mar distribution and pragmatic function between the two.[+Subjective intention]has not become a lexical semantic feature of“[me^(33)]”,but its negative scope.And“[ma^(11)]”achieves lexicalization of[+subjective intention]through phonetic fusion,becoming its inherent se-mantic feature.