CNT对树脂基和金属基材料的力学增强性能对比

Comparison of Mechanical Properties Between CNT Reinforced Resin and Metal Based Materials

碳纳米管(CNT)不仅具有质量轻、强度高等优异的力学性能,而且化学性质稳定、耐酸碱腐蚀,因此被广泛应用于复合材料中.为探究不同基体中CNT力学增强差异的原因,对CNT增强树脂基和铝合金基两种复合材料进行了准静态拉伸、三点弯和动态冲击实验,进一步揭示了CNT在不同基体中的增强机制.研究结果表明:CNT可以有效提高树脂材料拉伸强度和冲击吸能,并且发现当CNT质量分数为0.7%时增强效果最佳;而对于铝合金,添加CNT会降低材料强度,并且CNT质量分数越高,材料拉伸强度越低.金属基和树脂基加入CNT后力学增强效果不同的本质在于CNT与基体的界面结合性不同,树脂基初始状态为液体,固化后CNT可以填充在基体网络缝隙中,进而增强材料力学性能;而铝合金基为粉体,机械力分散使CNT产生损伤且CNT的存在导致粉体间缝隙变大,进而削弱材料力学性能.研究成果可为CNT复合材料的制备与优化提供参考.

Carbon nanotubes(CNT)are widely used in composites because of their excellent mechanical proper-ties,such as light weight,high strength,and stable chemical properties.In order to explore the reasons for the dif-ference in mechanical strengthening effects of different matrices,in this paper,quasi-static tensile,bending tests and dynamic impact test were carried out on CNT composite resin matrix and aluminum alloy matrix,and the re-inforcement mechanism of CNT in different matrices was further revealed.The results show that CNT could ef-fectively improve the tensile strength and energy absorption properties of resin materials,and when the CNT content(mass ratio)was 0.7%,the reinforcement effect was the best.For aluminum alloy,the addition of CNT would reduce the strength of the material,and the higher the content of CNT,the lower the tensile strength of the material.The essence of the different mechanical strengthening effects of metal matrix and resin matrix after adding CNT lied in the different interfacial bonding between CNT and matrix.The initial state of resin matrix was liquid;after curing,CNT could be filled in the matrix network gap,so as to enhance the mechanical proper-ties of materials;the aluminum alloy matrix was powder,and the dispersion of mechanical force caused CNT damage,and the existence of CNT caused the gap between the powders to become larger,weakening the mech-anical properties of the material.The research results of this study provide a theoretical reference for subsequent research and development of a variety of matrix particles and fiber-reinforced composites.