語意結構與時間

The Semantic Structure and Time

1.漢字的“會意”結構反映到漢語文獻語句法中,就是語意結構。漢語文獻語的語意結構是兩個或兩個以上的漢字之間的語義語法關係。2.事物間的關係是一種運動,運動需要時間,時間特徵是探賾漢語文獻語結構系統的客觀依托。3.將運動過程置於時間軸上,按自然順序分解出三個對象:起始、動作、收受。如此構成的自然序列便是漢語文獻語語意結構基本式。4.根據時間特徵將基本式分解爲四種語意構件:過程、狀態、行爲、事象。漢語文獻語一切文句皆以這四種語意構件爲骨幹組合而成。5.根據基本式推理出與運動過程共存的四個方面(時間、空間、事件、對象)所造成的“四起四收”。據此解釋漢語文獻語中主語、賓語、狀語、補語的多樣性。6.根據基本式,往順時、逆時兩個方向循環,發現三個語意對象之間存在施受耦合關係。7.根據施受耦合關係發現變序與糾序現象,進而發現漢語文獻語的陳述、判斷、描寫、被動等句式在語意結構關係上的統一性。8.一條時間軸、一動兩靜三個語意對象、四種語意構件、時空事象四起四收,五個變式的變序與糾序,構成“一二三四五”的語意結構系統。該系統有望將漢語文獻語的結構化繁爲簡,萃取出一套關於漢語析句法乃至造句法的科學、系統、簡明的規則。

This paper discusses the unity of Chinese written language syntax.1.What the ideogrammic compounds of Chinese characters are reflected in the Chinese written language syntax,is the semantic structure.The semantic structure of Chinese written language is the semantic and grammatical relationship between two or more characters.2.The relationship between objects is a kind of movement.Movement needs time.Time feature is the objective basis for the exploration of the linguistic structure system of Chinese written language.3.When putting the movement process on the time axis,it can be decomposed into three objects in a natural order:initiation,action and object.The natural sequence formed in this way is the basic pattern of semantic structure of Chinese written language.4.According to the time features,we decompose the basic pattern into four semantic components:process,state,behaviour and event.All the sentences in Chinese written language are composed of these four semantic components.5.According to the basic pattern of semantic structure,we deduce the four aspects(time,space,events and objects)that coexist with the movement process,which in turn lead to“four initiations,four objects”.Thus,the diversity of subject,object,adverbial and complement in Chinese written language is explained.6.According to the basic pattern of semantic structure,when initiation,action and object circulate clockwise and anticlockwise,we find an agent-patient coupling relationship between the three semantic objects.7.According to the agent-patient coupling relationship,we find the phenomenon of order-changing and order-correcting between initiation,action and object,as well as the unity of Chinese written language sentence patterns such as statement,judgment,description and passivity in the semantic structure.8.One time axis,one dynamic plus two static semantic objects which are three in total,four semantic components,four initiations and four objects with regards to time,space,events and objects,as well as five variants of order-changing and order-correcting,all together constitute a“one two three four five”semantic structure system.This system is expected to simplify the Chinese written language structure,and extract a set of scientific,systematic and concise rules about Chinese syntactic analysis and even syntactic formation.