新疆南疆地区犊牛舍冬季环境指标变化对新生安格斯犊牛健康的影响

The Environmental Index Variation of Calf Barn in Winter on Angus Suckling Calves’Health in Southern Xinjiang

为了解新疆南疆地区安格斯肉牛繁育场新生犊牛圈舍冬季环境指标变化规律和吮乳犊牛的健康状况,选择南疆某安格斯繁育场冬季1月份新生犊牛舍为监测对象,对冬季犊牛舍中的温度、湿度、噪音、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、氨气(NH_(3))、硫化氢(H_(2)S)、甲烷(CH_(4))、总悬浮颗粒(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))等环境指标进行监测,测定吮乳犊牛的生理生化指标,对环境指标与生理生化指标进行相关性分析和评价。结果表明,犊牛舍冬季平均温度(-7.0±4.02)℃低于中国行业标准(China industry standard,CIS)《牲畜和家禽养殖场的环境质量标准(NY/T 388-1999)》限值(5~35℃);未检测到NH_(3)和H_(2)S气体。湿度、噪音、CO_(2)、NH_(3)、H_(2)S、CH_(4)、TSP、PM_(10)均在CIS范围内。试验期15:00-18:00温度符合CIS限值,有21 h严重低于CIS限值;湿度有9 h(00:00-09:00)高于CIS限值(80%);CO_(2)浓度在15:00、21:00超过CIS限值(3000 mg/m^(3))。温度与呼吸频率、吮乳犊牛主要疾病(发烧、咳喘、肺炎、食欲不振、眼疾)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);PM_(10)与呼吸频率、眼疾、咳喘、肺炎、食欲不振呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);湿度、TSP与发烧、咳喘、肺炎、食欲不振、眼疾呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);CH_(4)、噪音与发烧、咳喘、肺炎、食欲不振呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);CO_(2)与咳喘呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,新疆南疆地区安格斯肉牛繁育场新生犊牛舍冬季环境低温高湿变化是影响新生犊牛健康的主要因素。

In order to understand the variation law of winter environmental indicators and the health status of sucking calves in the newborn calf barn of Angus beef cattle breeding farm in southern Xinjiang,the newborn calf barn in January of an Angus breeding farm in southern Xinjiang was selected as the monitoring object,and the temperature,humidity,noise,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),ammonia(NH_(3)),hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),methane(CH_(4)),total suspended particles(TSP),inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))and other environmental indicators in the winter calf house were monitored.The physiological and biochemical indexes of lactating calves were measured,and the correlation between environmental indicators and their physiological and biochemical indexes was analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the average winter temperature of calf houses(-7.0±4.02℃)was seriously lower than the limit value(5~35℃)of the China industry standard(CIS)Environmental Quality Standard for Livestock and Poultry Farms(NY/T 388-1999).NH_(3)and H_(2)S gases were not detected.Humidity,noise,CO_(2),NH_(3),H_(2)S,CH_(4),TSP,PM_(10)were all within the CIS range.The daily cycle change of environmental parameters showed that the temperature only conformed to the CIS limit at 15:00-18:00,and it was seriously lower than the CIS limit in about 21 h.The humidity from 00:00-09:00 was above the CIS limit(80%)about 9 h.The CO_(2)concentration exceeded the CIS limit(3000 mg/m^(3))at 15:00 and 21:00.The correlation analysis showed that temperature was negatively correlated with respiratory rate and major diseases(fever,cough,pneumonia,loss of appetite,eye disease)in lactating calves(P<0.01).PM_(10)was positively correlated with respiratory rate,eye disease,cough and wheezing,pneumonia,and loss of appetite(P<0.01).Humidity and TSP were positively correlated with fever,cough and asthma,pneumonia,loss of appetite and eye disease(P<0.01).CH_(4),noise was positively correlated with fever,cough,asthma,pneumonia and loss of appetite(P<0.01).CO_(2)was positively correlated with cough and wheezing(P<0.01).The results of this experiment show that the change of low temperature and high humidity in the winter environment of newborn calf houses in Angus beef cattle breeding farms in southern Xinjiang is the main factor affecting the health of newborn calves.