具体犯罪保护法益的确定依据

The Legal Basis of Protected Legal Interest in Specific Crimes

刑法学需要从刑法内部的规范中以推断的方式解读刑法目的,确定具体犯罪的保护法益。法条的体系地位是确定具体犯罪保护法益的最重要依据,对于规定在刑法分则第四章与第五章的犯罪,只要与构成要件内容没有明显冲突,就不能将其中的具体犯罪的保护法益确定为公共法益。如果刑法出现归类错误,就需要进行补正解释;如若社会发生重大变化,则需要作出同时代的解释;对于现行刑法分则第三、六章规定为侵犯公共法益的部分犯罪,应当确定为对个人法益的犯罪。法条的基本内容即构成要件,是确定具体犯罪保护法益的重要依据;在行为方式相同但行为对象不同的立法例中,应当根据行为对象的特点分别确定具体犯罪的保护法益;不能因为具体犯罪的行为对象通常具有复数性或者多数性,就将具体犯罪的保护法益确定为公共法益;在构成要件行为本身需要解释的场合,解释者应当将目光不断往返于保护法益与构成要件行为之间,保持保护法益与构成要件行为的融洽;实质的结果是确定具体犯罪保护法益的依据;司法解释所规定的与构成要件仅具有条件关系的结果,以及案件事实偶然造成的结果,都难以成为具体犯罪保护法益的确定依据;不能直接根据司法解释关于情节严重的规定确定具体犯罪的保护法益。法条的相互关系,也是确定具体犯罪保护法益的依据;金融诈骗罪与侵犯知识产权罪都是对个人法益的犯罪;贪污犯罪与贿赂犯罪的保护法益并不相同。

For criminalistics Law,its purposes shall be interpreted from the norms within criminal law by deducing,and then determine the protected legal interest in specific crimes.The systematic status of the statute is the most important basis for determining the protected legal benefits in specific crimes.The protected legal interest in specific crimes cannot be determined as public legal interest for crimes stipulated in chapter IV and chapter V of the sub-provisions of criminal law,as long as there is no obvious conflict with the constituent elements.If there is an error in the classification in criminal law,it needs to be corrected;If there is a major change in society,contemporaneous explanations are required.Chapter III and Chapter VI in the sub-provision of current criminal law shall be defined as crimes against the personal legal interest.The basic content of the provision is the constituent elements,which is an important basis for determining the protected legal interest in specific crimes.In legislative cases where the modes of acts are same but the targets of the acts are different,the protected legal interest in specific crimes shall be determined separately according to the characteristics of the target of the act,while the protected legal interest in specific crimes cannot be defined as public legal interest because the objects in specific crime are usually plural.Where the constituent acts themselves need to be interpreted,the interpreter should constantly keep his or her eyes back and forth between the protected legal interest and the acts of constituent,and maintain the harmony between protected legal interest and the acts of constituent.The substantive result is the basis for determining the protected legal interest in specific crimes,and the results stipulated in the judicial interpretations that are only conditionally related to the constituent elements,as well as the results occasionally caused by the facts of cases are not enough to determine the basis of the protected legal interest in specific crimes.So the protected legal interest in specific crimes cannot be determined directly on the basis of the provisions of judicial interpretations on serious circumstances.The interrelationship of the provisions is also the basis for determining the protected legal interest in specific crimes.The crime of financial fraud and the crime of infringing intellectual property rights are both crimes against individual's legal interests.The protected legal interest of corruption offences and bribery offences are not the same.