规则提炼与事实比对:指导性案例应用方法研究

Rule Extraction and Fact Comparison:Case Application Approach Analysis

强化指导性案例应用,应当重视规则提炼与事实比对的不同进路分析。规则提炼是最高司法机关通过案例提炼类案适用规则,明确类案办理指引的工作。通过案例提炼规则,是我国指导性案例制度区别于英美法系判例制度的特色。规则具有简明权威等优势,规则提炼应用符合我国法治实践。司法者应用案例,应当重视案例与案件之间实质性构成要件事实的比对分析,运用类比推理的方法,推进案例应用。案例应用过程中,规则提炼与事实比对前后相继,密不可分。当前我国案例应用过程中,存在重规则提炼,轻事实比对的问题。为强化案例应用,应当促进规则提炼与事实比对的融合,规则应当简明清晰,案例事实叙述应当翔实准确,同时应当重视扩充案例供给,提升司法者事实分析比对能力。

To strengthen the application of guiding cases,it is supposed towe should pay attention to the two important processes of rule refining and fact comparison in the process of case application.Rule refining is the work for the highest judicial organ to clarify the guidelines for handling similar cases through cases.It is the characteristic and basic work of our country's guiding case system to refine rules through cases,which has the advantages of simplicity and authority,and conforms to the characteristics of our country's national conditions.After the rules are refined,the judiciary should apply the case in practice,pay attention to the comparative analysis of the substantive constituent elements between the cases,and use the method of analogical reasoning to promote the application of the case.In the process of case application,rule extraction and fact comparison are intimately linkedinseparable.At present,in the process of case application in China,there is a problem of emphasizing the refinement of rules and neglecting the fact comparation.that rules are refined rather than facts.In order to strengthen the application of cases,it is necessary towe should promote the integration of rule refining and fact comparison.Rules should be clearer,and case facts should be described comprehensivelyin more detail.At the same time,we should pay more attention to expand the supply of cases and promote the ability of the judiciary to carry out fact comparison.