家事审判中法院依职权调查取证制度功能的异化与回归--以75份婚姻家庭继承纠纷判决书为分析样本

The Alienation and Regression of the Function of the Court’s Investigation and Evidence Collection System in Family Trials—Using 75 Judgments on Marriage and Family Inheritance Disputes as an Analysis Sample

家事案件的身份与人伦属性,决定了家事审判中必须发挥法院依职权调查取证的功能。然而剖析裁判案例发现,在家事审判中,法院依职权调查取证尚存在认识不一、限度不明、积极性不足等问题。主要原因在于,相关立法较为粗疏、当事人主义诉讼模式以及法院“案多人少”审判环境的限制难以契合家事案件的独特性。为更好解决家事纠纷,以“一般规定+特殊情形”方式明确法院依职权调取家事事项的范围,将释明制度与法院调查取证权进行嵌合,明确家事调查员为法官“事实”发现的审判助手,是切实发挥我国家事审判中法院依职权调查取证制度功能的应然路径。

The identity and human relations attributes of family cases determine that family trials must give play to the court’s function of investigating and collecting evidence ex officio.However,by analyzing the adjudicative cases,it is found that in family trials,there are still issues to be addressed such as inconsistent determinations,unclear limits,and insufficient enthusiasm in court investigations and evidence collection.The main reason for such issues lies in relatively vague and elusive legislative stipulations,the problematic litigant-oriented litigation model,and the limitations of the court’s trial environment featuring“multiple cases with fewer people”,which makes it difficult to match the uniqueness of family cases.In order to better resolve family disputes,clarifying the scope of the court’s ex officio investigation and evidence collection in the form of“general provisions plus special circumstances”,integrating the interpretation system with the court’s investigation and evidence collection power,and clarifying that family investigators are the judicial assistants for judges to discover“facts”are the necessary ways to effectively develop the functions of the court’s ex officio investigation and evidence collection system in family trials in China.