朝贡例:明代乌思藏朝贡的法律规制

Tributary Example:the Legal Regulation of the Tributary of Uszang in the Ming Dynasty

朝贡例是明代乌思藏朝贡的法律规制,包括乌思藏政教首领遣使朝贡之贡道、贡期、朝贡人数、朝贡礼仪等内容,其条款视乌思藏朝贡活动而制定,又因时因地进行了相应的修订和完善,具有权宜性、灵活性、变通性之特征。有明一代颁行的乌思藏朝贡例,旨在通过细化乌思藏贡使入关、朝廷接待、贡物赏赐及其贡使辞返诸程序,全面规范乌思藏朝贡事宜,将其纳入合理合法的制度框架之内运行,彰显了明王朝在朝贡体系中的话语权,其重要性不可忽视。

The tributary regulations are the legal regulations of the Uszang(an alternative term for Tibet)tributary in the Ming Dynasty,including the tributary road,the tribute period,the number of tributaries,and the tributary tribute sent by the political and religious leaders of Uszang,and its terms are formulated according to the tributary activities of Uszang,and have been revised and improved accordingly according to the time and place,and have the characteristics of expediency,imflexibility and flexibility.The Uszang tributary regulations promulgated by the Ming Dynasty aimed to comprehensively standardize the Uszang tributary matters by refining the procedures for the entry of the Uszang tribute envoys,the reception of the imperial court,the reward of tribute and the resignation of the tributary envoys,and put them into a reasonable and legal institutional framework,demonstrating the Ming Dynasty’s right to speak in the tributary system,and its importance cannot be ignored.