老年2型糖尿病患者及其家庭主要照护者健康素养对患者自我管理行为的影响

Influence of health literacy on self-management behaviours of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the family primary caregivers

目的了解老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)及其家庭主要照护者健康素养水平现状,并探讨双方健康素养水平对患者自我管理行为的影响。方法选取2022年1—6月在河南省2所综合性三级医院住院的200例老年T2DM患者及200名家庭照护者为调查对象。采用患者及照护者一般资料调查表、糖尿病健康素养量表、中文版糖尿病自我管理行为量表进行调查。结果老年T2DM患者健康素养得分74.49±16.29分,自我管理行为得分66.59±17.12分,照护者健康素养得分73.63±16.99分。Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年T2DM患者及其照护者的健康素养与患者自我管理行为均呈显著正相关(r=0.867、0.671,P<0.01)。经单因素筛选,多因素线性回归分析显示,老年T2DM患者的文化程度、家庭平均月收入、照护者的文化程度、与患者的关系、照顾时间、患者健康素养得分、照护者健康素养得分是患者自我管理行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年T2DM患者及其家庭照护者高水平的健康素养均可有效提升患者的自我管理行为。临床医护人员需关注并评估二者健康素养水平,将老年T2DM照护者也纳入到T2DM照护团队中,进一步探讨适合双方的健康素养干预方案,以期改善患者的自我管理行为。

Objective To understand the current status of health literacy levels of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and their family primary caregivers,and to explore the influence of both health literacy levels on patients'self-management behaviours.Methods 200 elderly T2DM patients and 200 family caregivers who were hospitalised in 2 comprehensive ClassⅢhospitals in Henan Province from January to June 2022 were selected for the survey.The General Information Questionnaire for Patients and Carers,the Diabetes Health Literacy Scale,and the Chinese version of the Diabetes Self-Management Behaviour Scale were used to operate the survey.Results The health literacy score of elderly T2DM patients was 74.49±16.29 points,the self-management behaviour score was 66.59±17.12 points,and the health literacy score of the carers was 73.63±16.99 points.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the health literacy of elderly T2DM patients and their carers was significantly positively correlated with the patients'self-management behaviour(r=0.867,0.671,P<0.01).After univariate screening,multifactorial linear regression analysis showed that the literacy level of elderly T2DM patients,average monthly household income,literacy level of carers,relationship with the patient,caregiving time,patient's health literacy scores,and carer's health literacy scores were the influencing factors of patient self-management behaviours(P<0.05).Conclusion High levels of health literacy in both elderly T2DM patients and their family caregivers can effectively enhance patients'self-management behaviours.Clinical staffshould pay attention to and assess the health literacy level of both patients,and include elderly T2DM carers in the T2DM care team,to further explore health literacy intervention programs suitable for both parties,with a view to improving patients'self-management behaviours.