大围山国家森林公园杂草调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Field Weeds in Dawei Mountain National Forest Park

为了解湖南省重要自然保护区浏阳大围山的杂草类型、种类和分布情况,促进制定杂草开发与防控措施,采用样方及踏查等方法对大围山缓冲区及周边农村杂草进行了系统调查、统计分析。结果表明:大围山地区杂草种类有43科102种,样方中菊科种类最多,共计17种,相对盖度为23.21%;其次是禾本科,共计7种,相对盖度为25.17%;豆科、蓼科、蔷薇科、荨麻科各有5种,相对盖度分别为6.92%、5.31%、2.47%、4.97%;大围山相对盖度超过2%的杂草有马唐(13.19%)、鬼针草(7.50%)、狗尾草(6.77%)、藿香蓟(6.55%)、车前(5.85%)、牛筋草(3.76%)、箭头蓼(3.38%)、两型豆(2.37%)、吉祥草(2.21%)。所调查的大围山杂草中,外来入侵植物有5种,分别是鬼针草、藿香蓟、小蓬草、钻叶紫菀和牵牛;马唐和外来入侵植物鬼针草不仅相对盖度较大而且分布较广,为大围山杂草中的优势物种。针对大围山杂草种类和分布,提出了大围山杂草治理与防控建议。

Dawei Mountain National Forest Park is an important nature reserve in Hunan Province.The types,species and distribution of weeds in the Dawei Mountain area is still unclear.This study conducted a systematic investigation and statistical analysis of weeds in the Dawei Mountain buffer zone and surrounding rural area through the quadrat sampling method and line transect method.The results show that there are 102 species of weeds belonging to 43 families in the Dawei Mountain area,among which Asteraceae is the dominant family,totalling 17 species with a relative coverage of 23.21%,followed by Gramineae,totalling 7 species with a relative coverage of 25.17%.There are 5 species in Leguminosae,Polygonaceae,Rosaceae and Urticaceae each,with relative coverages of respective 6.92%,5.31%,2.47%and 4.97%.Weeds with a relative coverage of more than 2%in the Dawei Mountain area are Digitaria sanguinalis(13.19%),Bidens pilosa(7.50%),Setaria viridis(6.77%),Ageratum conyzoides(6.55%),Plantago asiatica(5.85%),Eleusine indica(3.76%),Persicaria sagittata(3.38%),Amphicarpaea edgeworthii(2.37%),and Reineckea carnea(2.21%).Among the weeds in the Dawei Mountain area investigated,there are 5 species of alien invasive plants,namely Bidens pilosa,Ageratum conyzoides,Erigeron canadensis,Symphyotrichum subulatum,and Ipomoea nil.Digitaria sanguinalis and the alien invasive plant Bidens pilosa not only have a relatively high coverage but also have a wide distribution,making them the dominant species of weeds in the Dawei Mountain area.In view of species and distribution of weeds in the Dawei Mountain area,we put forward relevant suggestions on local weed control and prevention.