城市形态、行业相关多样化与工资水平

Urban Geometry,Industry Related Variety and Wage

合理的城市空间结构对发挥集聚经济效率、促进企业发展与提升工资水平具有重要作用。使用2003—2012年夜间灯光数据和中国工业企业数据等微观数据库,验证城市形态、行业相关多样化程度与工资水平的作用机制。研究结果表明:整体而言,越优的城市形态越能够显著提升城市工资水平;大规模城市和工业发达型城市工资水平受城市紧凑度和城市中心聚集度影响更大,小规模城市和工业发展型城市工资水平则受城市形状规则程度影响更大;高单位价值重量行业工资收入对城市形态变化更加敏感。行业相关多样化在城市形态影响工资水平过程中发挥显著中介作用,具体微观机制表现为紧凑的城市形态通过促进企业规模扩大来提升行业相关多样化水平,进而通过显著集聚效应推动工资水平提升。因此,需要综合考虑城市经济活动紧凑度、城市中心聚集度和城市形状规则程度三方面城市形态对工资水平的作用。

A reasonable spatial structure plays an important role in giving play to the agglomeration economic effect,promoting the production development of enterprises and improving the wage level.Using micro-databases such as nighttime lighting data and Chinese industrial enterprise data from 2003 to 2012,this paper verifies the mechanism of urban form,industry-related diversification and urban wage levels.The results show that:The better urban geometry can significantly improve the urban wage level.The wage level of large-scale cities and the industrial developed cities are more affected by urban compactness and urban centrality,while that of small-scale cities and industrial developed cities are more affected by the degree of urban shape regularity.The wage income of industries with high unit value and weight are more sensitive to the change of urban morphology.Industry related diversification plays a significant intermediary role in the process of urban morphology affecting the wage level.The specific micro mechanism is that the compact urban morphology promotes the level of industry related diversification by promoting the expansion of enterprise scale,and then promotes the wage level through the significant agglomeration effect.Therefore,it is necessary to consider comprehensively the effects of urban morphology on industrial wage levels in three aspects:The compactness of economic activities,the concentration of urban centers and the regularity of urban shape.