低温锂离子电池研究现状及展望

Prospect and research progress on low temperature Li-ion batteries

随着军民融合以及军用和民用科技化、现代化建设的迅猛发展,具有重要科学研究意义和国防战略价值的高原、深海、极地等高寒地区,以及高空、太空等极寒区域对超低温锂离子电池的需求日益增加,契合新能源车、5G基站、军用无人机和北斗导航系统等应用的耐低温锂离子电池的需求也大幅激增,传统锂离子电池已不能满足人们在上述低温环境地区对能量储存及释放的需求。分别从电池材料改性、电解液组分和溶剂结构调节,以及电池热管理系统(BTMS)设计三个方面综述了改善低温锂离子电池性能的有效途径,并对超离子导体包覆的新型低温锂离子电池体系的研究和开发作了展望。

With the rapid development of military and civilian integration and the modernization of military and civilian technology,the demand for ultra-low temperature lithium ion batteries is increasing in high-cold regions such as plateau,deep sea and polar regions with important scientific research significance and strategic value of national defense,as well as in extremely cold regions such as high altitude and space.The demand for low-temperature lithiumion batteries,which fit the needs of new energy vehicles,5G base stations,military drones and the Beidou navigation system has also surged.Traditional lithium ion batteries can no longer meet people's demand for energy storage and release in the ultra-low temperature environment.The effective methods to improve the low temperature performance of lithium ion batteries were reviewed,including modifying and developing new anode and cathode materials,adjusting electrolyte composition and solvent structure and designing a reasonable battery thermal management system(BTMS).The research and development of novel low temperature lithium ion battery system coated by superionic conductor was also prospected.