毛泽东海洋防御战略的核心要义、实践路径及其现实启示

The Core Essence,Practical Path and Practical Enlightenment of Mao Zedong′s Maritime Defense Strategy

毛泽东在马克思主义海洋观的理论指导下,汲取近代以来“重陆轻海”海洋观与“有海无防”消极性海洋防御战略的沉痛教训,提出了“以海图存”的积极性海洋防御战略,呈现了理论逻辑与历史逻辑的统一性。毛泽东海洋防御战略以党的绝对领导为政治原则,以坚决捍卫国家利益为最高准则,以维护最广大人民群众的根本利益为核心要义,坚持海洋建设与经济建设、科学技术发展统筹兼顾的战略思维,形成了关于收回海关、港口与沿海岛屿,建立人民海军,制定近岸防御方针,开展海防斗争,拓展海上贸易等一系列系统的海防实践路径。这不仅为社会主义改造与社会主义建设的国家总体战略规划赢得有利的国家安全环境和海洋战略空间,也为新时代海洋强国战略提供了丰富的现实启示。

Under the theoretical guidance of Marxist view of ocean,Mao Zedong drew on the painful lessons of the modern ocean view of"valuing land over sea"and the passive ocean defense strategy of"having sea but without defense",and proposed a proactive ocean defense strategy of"relying on the sea for survival",demonstrating the unity of theoretical logic and historical logic.Mao Zedong′s maritime defense strategy takes the absolute leadership of the Party as the political principle,the resolute defense of national interests as the highest criterion,and the maintenance of the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people as the core essence.It adheres to the strategic thinking of balancing maritime construction,economic construction,and scientific and technological development,forming a series of systematic coastal defense practice approaches including to reclaim customs,ports,and coastal islands,establish the People′s Navy,formulate coastal defense policies,carry out maritime defense struggles,and expand maritime trade.This not only provides a favorable national security environment and maritime strategic space for the overall strategic planning of socialist transformation and construction,but also provides rich practical inspiration for the strategy of developing China to a maritime power in the new era.