汉英翻译中致使性状态变化事件的再词汇化过程 --基于小说文本双语对比

The Relexicalization of events of caused state change in Chinese-English translation:A comparative study

本文基于Talmy的词汇化类型理论,以致使性状态变化事件的编码方式为考察对象,通过对比分析汉语小说及其英文译本,对事件中的[致使]、[方式]、[状态变化]等语义要素的编码方式进行考察,发现汉英致使性状态变化事件的编码方式存在较大差异:(1)在编码致使性状态变化事件时,汉语经常使用附加语表征[状态变化],具有附加语框架语言倾向,对致使性状态变化事件的描写更加丰富细致,具有动态感;而英语则经常采用主动词表征状态变化,具有动词框架语言倾向。(2)通过原文和译文的对比分析发现,翻译过程中,[致使]、[方式]和[状态变化]等语义要素可以根据语篇需要进行对等、泛化、省略和调整等处理,除了译为典型的V-结构或S-结构,还可以译为方式动词、短语结构等其他形式。(3)致使性状态变化事件的翻译过程实际上是一种再词汇化过程,部分语义要素的凸显性发生较大变化。

This article is based on Talmy s lexicalization type theory,with the encoding of events of caused state change as the research object.After comparing and analyzing the encoding of semantic elements such as cause,manner,and state change in Chinese novels and their English translations,we found that there are significant differences in the encoding of caused state change between Chinese and English:(1)when encoding events of caused state change,native speakers of Chinese often use satellites to represent[state change],with a tendency towards a satellite-framed language.The description of events of caused state change is richer,more detailed,and dynamic;English,on the other hand,often uses dynamic words to represent changes in state,with a tendency towards verb-framed language;(2)through comparative analysis between the original text and the translated text,it is found that semantic elements such as[cause],[manner],and[state change]can be translated by using strategies like equivalence,generalization,ellipsis,and adjustment according to the needs of the text.In addition to being translated into typical V-structures or S-structures,they can also be translated into other forms such as modal verbs and phrase structures;(3)the process of translating events of caused state change is actually a process of relexicalization,with significant changes in the saliency of some semantic elements.