稳态强磁场磁体技术研究进展

Review and perspective of steady high field magnet technology

稳态强磁场是前沿科学研究所需的一种十分重要的手段。强磁场在科学研究中的应用,对物理、化学、材料、生命科学等多学科的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。产生稳态强磁场的方式主要有3种,水冷磁体、超导磁体和混合磁体。水冷磁体励磁速度快、磁场强,但运行能耗巨大;超导磁体电功率低、体积和质量较小,但目前可产生出的最高磁场不及水冷磁体;混合磁体用超导线圈替代水冷磁体的外层线圈,从而可以用比单独水冷磁体更低的能耗产生更高的磁场。介绍了3种磁体技术,回顾了其发展过程,探讨了磁体技术的未来发展路径。

Steady high magnetic field is a very important tool for frontier researches.Many advanced countries have developed high field magnet technologies and built high magnetic field facilities to create research conditions.The applications of high magnetic field on scientific researches have promoted the development of many disciplines,such as physics,chemistry,material science,bioscience,etc.There are three kinds of steady magnets,namely water-cooled magnets,superconducting magnets and hybrid magnets.Water-cooled magnets can create very high magnetic field rapidly,but with large power consumption.Superconducting magnets have much lower power consumption and the volume and weight of the magnets are much smaller.However,the maximum field of current superconducting magnets is not as high as that of the water-cooled magnets.Hybrid magnets use superconducting coils to replace the outer coils of a water-cooled magnet.So they can create a higher field with lower power consumption compared to water-cooled magnets.This paper briefly introduces the above magnet technologies,reviews their development history and discusses their development perspectives.