中国关键语言:重新阐释与规划建议

China's Critical Languages:Reinterpretation and Planning Suggestions

中国正日益走近世界舞台的中央,理应拥有与其综合国力、国际地位相匹配的国家语言能力,根据国家战略需要确定关键语言并培养相关人才势在必行。近十余年来,我国学者对美国的关键语言战略进行了详细介绍和深入剖析,在此基础上提出了对我国关键语言规划的初步构想,我国政府也明确要求制定关键语言政策。文章进一步澄清了中美两国在全球治理理念、外语教育政策、本国语言资源3个方面的差异,据此对中国关键语言进行重新定义和阐释,并从国家需要出发,在规划制定和实施层面提出3条建议:(1)依据“不可替代性”原则对语言进行分级,按阶段、分主次、有步骤地实施关键语言规划;(2)需求方全面参与关键语言人才培养过程,使供需关系更为紧密、培养模式更为多元、学生的职业理想更好树立;(3)差异化配置教育资源,充分发挥不同地区和各类高校的优势,同时使相关培训项目向研究生教育阶段和基础教育阶段拓展。

As China is approaching the center of the world stage,it should have a national language capability that matches its comprehensive national strength and international status,and it is imperative to identify its own critical languages and cultivate relevant talents according to the national strategy demand.In the past decade or so,Chinese scholars have made detailed introductions and in-depth analysis of the United States'critical language strategy,based on which they have put forward a preliminary planning for China,and the Chinese government has also explicitly called for formulating a critical language policy.This article further clarifies the differences between China and the U.S.in terms of global governance concepts,foreign language education policies and national language resources.By redefining and reinterpreting the concept from the perspective of China's national demand,the author puts forward three suggestions for planning and implementing the critical language strategy:(1)to classify languages according to the principle of“irreplaceability”,and to implement the critical language plan step by step,in terms of stages and priorities;(2)to involve the demand side in the process of talents cultivating,so as to ensure a closer supply-demand relation,a diversified cultivation mode,and better career aspirations of students;(3)to optimize the allocation of educational resources,in order to give full play to strengths of different regions and different colleges,meanwhile to expand the relevant training programs to the postgraduate and pre-university stages.