中越老缅边境跨境婚姻治理的佐米亚困境

The Zomia Predicament of Cross-border Marriage Governance on the China-Vietnam-Laos-Myanmar Border

中国云南边民与越老缅国边民长期以来都保持通婚传统,跨境婚姻植根于边民共同的族群、语言和宗教文化。按照詹姆斯斯科特的“Zomia”理论,这些生活在亚洲山地的各族群拥有逃避国家统治的社会文化策略。在婚姻缔结与维系方面,边境地区不同民族边民保持本民族婚姻习俗,默认本民族的事实婚姻,逃避民族国家的婚姻登记、逃避边境出入管控也是他们“逃跑社会结构”的延续。现代民族国家如何管理Zomia区域跨境民族前现代的婚姻?这是当下边境地区社会治理需要给予解答的难题。基于对德宏州中缅跨境婚姻的田野研究,文章把“外籍新娘”置于跨国移民理论框架中分析,在地缘-族裔-性别维度下探讨中越老缅边境“外籍新娘”社会治理的Zomia难题,呈现地方政府对边民跨境婚姻的相关政策和治理实践,揭示外籍新娘、少数民族边民和地方政府之间的复杂关系。

China and Myanmar,Laos,Vietnam share a common border and the ethnic people cross border have maintained the tradition of intermarriage,and transnational marriage is rooted in the common ethnic identity,language and religious among border residents.According to James Scott's theory of“Zomia”,the ethnic groups cross China-Vietnam-Myanmar border maintain their own marital customs,have jointly acquiescence of the factual intermarriage within the same ethnic group,refused to the marriage registration of nation-states,and fail to comply with border entry and exit documents which are a continuation of their“escape-social structure”.How does a modern nation-state manage pre-modern marriages in the Zomia area?This is issue that needs to be solved in the current social governance of border areas.Based on field research in Dehong,this article analyzes the“foreign bride”in the framework of transnational immigration theory,and explores the Zomia problems of“foreign bride”governance in the geo-ethnic-gender dimensions.This research presents the policies and governance practices,and reveals the complex relationships between foreign brides,cross-border ethnic groups,and local government in transnational marriages governance.