我国大气污染治理考核制度有效性及治理效率研究

A study on the effectiveness of the examination system of air pollution control and the efficiency of air pollution control in China

本文在城市层面,利用准自然实验研究了大气污染治理绩效考核是否激励了地方政府改善空气质量,然后基于Super-SBM模型测算了城市大气污染治理效率,并进一步识别了大气污染治理效率的影响因素.实证结果显示,大气污染治理绩效考核显著地促进了地方政府改善空气质量,实验组城市的PM2.5年均浓度比控制组城市平均每年多下降3.38%.其次,我国近年来大气污染治理效率呈逐渐下降趋势,尤以中西部为甚.而外商投资对于大气污染治理效率有负面影响,科技服务业发展水平对大气污染治理效率有正面影响,科技投入水平影响不显著.据此,本文提出我国应该将大气污染治理绩效考核制度作为一项长期制度坚持下去,并提高“两高”型行业在大气污染物排放方面的准入门槛,从而推动地方政府进行大气污染治理.此外,城市需要加大绿色科技投入力度,大力发展科技服务业,以促进城市的绿色转型.

At the city level,this paper uses a quasi-natural experiment to study whether green performance appraisal motivates local governments to improve air quality,and then measures the efficiency of urban air pollution control based on super-SBM model,and further identifies the influencing factors of the efficiency of air pollution control.The empirical results show that the performance assessment of air pollution control significantly promote local governments to improve air quality,and the average annual PM2.5 concentration of experimental cities decreased by 3.38%more than that of control cities.Secondly,in recent years,the efficiency of air pollution control in China has gradually declined,especially in the central and western regions.While foreign investment has a negative impact on air pollution control efficiency,the development level of science and technology service industry has a positive impact on air pollution control efficiency,and the impact of science and technology investment level is not significant.Therefore,this paper proposes that China should maintain the performance appraisal system of air pollution control as a long-term system,and raise the admittance threshold of“two high”type industries in air pollutant discharge,so as to promote local governments to control air pollution.In addition,the city needs to increase investment in green science and technology and vigorously develop science and technology services to promote the green transformation of the city.