直立堤前stem波的分布规律及对工程的影响

Stem wave distribution along vertical breakwater and related engineering influence

当波浪沿直立堤以小于某临界角度入射时,将形成沿堤增长的stem波,目前国内外对stem波的研究较少且停留在理论阶段。以某直立堤台风破坏复演的物模试验为例,结合国内外研究成果,对stem波的产生条件、特征以及对工程的影响进行探讨。结果表明:1)stem波的波高和波宽均在沿堤传播中逐渐增大,沿堤比波高的增长呈现前快后慢的特点;2)不同入射波高和波向对于stem波的特征影响较大,详细的规律仍待进一步研究;3)stem波可对工程中直立堤造成蛇行破坏或对端部斜坡衔接段造成破坏,工程规划和结构选型应避免类似布置,宜采用三维物理模型试验验证stem波作用下结构的安全性。目前行业规范未涉及stem波相关内容,本研究成果可为工程设计提供参考。

Under a certain condition where in the incident angle of waves is smaller than a critical angle,there appears a stem wave propagation along the wall.There are few researches on stem waves and they remain in the theoretical research stage at present.Based on the physical model test results of vertical breakwater typhoon damage restimulations and combined with existing domestic and foreign research results,the generation,characteristic and engineering impact of stem waves are analyzed initially.The results show that:1)The wave height and width of stem waves increase gradually along the wall,and the wave-height ratio increases fast and then slower.2)Different incident wave heights and directions have great impact on stem wave characteristics,and detailed rules need further study.3)Serpentine damage to vertical breakwater or damage to sloping breakwater that connected with vertical breakwater could be caused by stem waves.Similar arrangement should be avoided in project planning and design,and three-dimensional physical model tests should be used to verify the structure safety under stem waves.Related items for stem waves are not included in present specifications,and the research results can be used as reference for engineering design.