基于有限元法的螺旋式环保机具仿真研究

Simulation of environmentally friendly spiral dredging tool based on finite element method

相对常规清淤工程,生态清淤施工有挖泥精度高、减少底泥扰动、高挖掘浓度等要求。针对这一生产需求,研发出一款螺旋式环保机具。该机具挖掘的泥浆浓度理论上大于60%,满足施工要求。根据设计要求,机具关键结构的强度和刚度应满足所有作业工况需求,但无法通过数学计算直接进行验算。利用有限元法分析复杂结构,采用整体建模方法构建机具仿真模型,并采用枚举法分析各作用力,模拟不同工况下的应力和形变,评估机具的强度和刚度。研究表明,机具各结构强度和刚度均满足作业需求;同时发现,深度缸和调向缸的上、下铰点存在位移差,螺旋刀组轴远、近马达侧的变形量也不同;最后提出可通过设计万向节来实现液压缸变形补偿,以防出现液压缸结构损坏。

Compared with conventional dredging projects,ecological dredging construction has the requirements of high dredging accuracy,less sediment disturbance,and high excavation concentration.For this production demand,this paper develops an environmentally friendly spiral dredging tool.The theoretical excavation concentration of the dredging tool is more than 60%,which meets the construction requirements.According to the design requirements,the strength and stiffness of the key structures of the dredging tool should meet all working conditions,but it cannot be directly verified by mathematical calculation.The paper uses the finite element method to analyze the complex structures and utilizes the overall modeling method to construct the simulation model.In addition,it analyzes forces by the enumeration method and simulates the stress and deformation of the dredging tool under different working conditions,so as to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the dredging tool.The results show that the strength and stiffness of each structure of the dredging tool meet the needs of the operation.At the same time,the paper finds that there is a displacement difference between the upper and the lower hinge point of the depth cylinder and the direction adjustment cylinder,and the deformation of the far-motor side and near-motor side of the spiral knife group shaft is different.Finally,the paper proposes that the hydraulic cylinder deformation compensation can be realized by designing universal joints to prevent the hydraulic cylinder structure from damage.