美国两党气候变化演讲语篇的隐喻生态批评对比分析

An eco-critical and contrastive study of metaphors in American partisan climate change speeches

气候变化不仅是环境问题,也是重要的政治和外交议题。从特朗普退出《巴黎协定》到拜登重新加入《巴黎协定》,美国两党的气候立场呈现极化趋势。本文基于构建的隐喻生态批评分析框架,对两党气候变化演讲中的隐喻进行对比分析,旨在探究隐喻类型差异、折射出的生态价值取向及其使用动因。研究发现:特朗普倾向于使用商业隐喻、战争隐喻、个人财产隐喻和犯罪隐喻等八种隐喻类型,呈现出破坏性的生态价值取向;拜登侧重使用威胁隐喻、旅程隐喻、竞赛隐喻和机会隐喻等八种隐喻类型,反映出模糊性的生态价值取向;两届政府不同的道德模式和不同的气候、能源、外交政策构成了隐喻选择差异的内外动因。但二者的隐喻使用也呈现出趋同性,即都隐含高度政治化和以经济为导向的意识形态,服务于美国政府利益和维护其世界霸权的野心。

Climate change,an important environmental issue,is of political and diplomatical importance.Trump's with-drawal from the Paris Agreement and Biden's reentry have clearly revealed that there are partisan polarizations in terms of climate stance.Based on eco-critical metaphor analysis framework,this study compares conceptual metaphors in climate change discourse employed by the two American parties,aiming to unravel differences of metaphor choices,ecological value orientations and hidden motivations.It is found that the principal metaphors in Trump's speeches involve eight types,including BUSINESS METAPHOR,WAR METAPHOR,POSSESSION METAPHOR and CRIME METAPHOR,etc.which convey a destructive ecological value orientation.Biden's metaphors involve eight types,such as THREAT METAPHOR,JOURNEY METAPHOR,RACE METAPHOR and OPPORTUNITY METAPHOR,which convey an am-bivalent ecological value orientation.And the differences are attributed to two administrations'morality models,climate policies,energy policies and foreign policies.Apart from divergence,their metaphors also display convergence,showing that they are all highly politicized and economy-oriented,and aiming to maintain America's global hegemony.serving the American administrations'interests.