从“死亡”到“新生”——协同人学视域下的《伊凡·伊里奇之死》

From"Death"to"Rebirth"—An Interpretation of The Death of Ivan Ilyich from the Perspective of Synergetic Anthropology

霍鲁日的协同人学根植于东方基督教话语,基于人的“展开”与“建构”等概念,将人学边界划分为宗教的界限、无意识界限和虚拟世界的界限三种构成领域。在协同人学视域下审视托尔斯泰小说《伊凡·伊里奇之死》中的死亡可知,伊凡在自己的死亡经验与死亡事实中,作为本体论的人达到其现世存在的边界——宗教的界限。在死亡的极限经验中,他向“本体论的他者”——“托尔斯泰的上帝”进行本体论的展开,其个性建构发生彻底改变。在“协同”状态中,伊凡得以窥见存在的真相,获得趋向“永恒的善”的超越体验,从“死亡”走向“新生”,也走向“爱”的上帝。

Rooted in Eastern Christian discourse,Horujy's Synergetic Anthropology is based on the concepts of the'expansion'and‘construction'of the human person,and divides the anthropological boundaries into three constitutive areas:the boundaries of religion,the borderline of the unconscious and the boundaries of the virtual world.Looking at death in Tolstoy's novel The Death of Ivan Ilyich from the perspective of Synergetic Anthropology,we may find that Ivan,in his own experience of death and the fact of death,reaches the boundaries of his present existence-the boundaries of religion as an ontological human being.In the extreme experience of death,he undergoes an ontological expansion towards the"ontological other",the"Tolstoy's God",and his personality construction is radically transformed.In the state of"synergy",Ivan is able to glimpse the truth of existence,to achieve the transcendental experience of moving towards the"eternal good",from"death"to"rebirth"and to the God of"love".