塔式起重机标准节连接螺栓数值模拟方法研究

Research on numerical simulation of tower crane’s standard section connecting bolt

为实现较为高效、精确地对塔式起重机(以下简称塔机)进行安全评估和检测,避免塔机安全事故发生,文中基于有限元法和多尺度建模思想,建立两节塔机标准节多尺度模型,通过模拟几种不同螺栓预紧力工况,并进行塔身侧向载荷试验,对比分析仿真值与试验值,研究较优的多尺度模型模拟方法和该方法的可靠度。结果表明:使用刚性区域法连接梁单元与实体单元,且当研究螺栓预紧力变化对塔机的影响时,只建立与被研究螺栓同一高度连接部件的实体模型,其余部位均使用梁单元建模并固结节点,为塔机标准节多尺度模型较优的模拟方法;文中提出的数值模拟方法既能保证计算效率,又能较精确地模拟不同螺栓预紧力状态对塔机的影响。

In this article,in order to ensure more efficient and accurate safety assessment and detection of tower crane structures(hereinafter referred to as tower crane)and avoid safety accidents,the multi-scale model of the two-sectioned tower crane's standard section is set up with the help of the finite-element method and the multi-scale modeling idea(the parts near the bolt are modeled by solid elements,and the rest parts are modeled by beam elements).By simulating the working conditions with different bolt pre-tightening forces and conducting the lateral load experiment on the tower body,efforts are made to compare and analyze the simulation values with the experimental values,and explore the optimal multi-scale modeling method and its reliability.The results show that the rigid-zone method is used to connect the beam element with the solid element;when exploring the influence of the ever-changing bolt pre-tightening forces on the tower crane,only the solid model of the connecting parts at the same height as the specific bolt can be set up;for the rest parts,the beam element is used to model and the nodes are consolidated.This is a better method for building the multi-scale model of the tower crane's standard section.Thanks to the method of numerical simulation,computational efficiency is ensured,and the influence of different bolt pre-tightening forces on the tower crane can be accurately simulated.