我国科学数据开放共享生态系统建设实践及其优化对策

Practice and Optimization Countermeasures of Scientific Data Open and Sharing Ecosystem Construction in China

我国科学数据开放共享模式在系统性构建方面仍然存在部分薄弱环节,对各类科技计划产生的科学数据开放共享工作造成阻碍,且目前学界对科学数据共享生态系统的研究尚较为匮乏。因此,从生态系统视角出发,分析科学数据开放共享生态系统的具体内涵,根据相关机构、相关人员、政策法规、数据对象和基础设施等系统要素构成,分析我国科学数据开放共享生态系统特征,发现其呈现全要素整体性、全流程协同性、全时空开放性和全制度调控性的特征;并通过梳理发达国家有关研究资助机构对科学数据管理与开放共享的主要政策和经验做法,分析指出我国科学数据开放共享生态系统仍未全面开展真正意义上的科学数据汇交工作,各有关机构尚未制定符合自身要求和特点的、专门的科学数据管理与开放共享办法,也尚未全面建立数据管理计划提交制度,此外还存在未全面开展科学数据的可信认证工作等问题。基于研究发现,提出优化我国科学数据开放共享生态系统对策,包括强化全面开展科学数据汇交、制定和完善相关政策、加强前端控制以及构建自主可控的科学数据可信认证标准等。

There are still some weak links in the systematic construction of the open sharing mode of scientific data in China,which hinders the open sharing of scientific data produced by various scientific and technological plans.Meanwhile,at present,the research on the scientific data sharing ecosystem in academic circles is still relatively scarce.Therefore,from the perspective of ecosystem,the specific connotation of the open sharing ecosystem of scientific data is analyzed,and the characteristics of open sharing ecosystem of scientific data in China are analyzed according to the composition of relevant institutions,relevant personnel,policies and regulations,data objects and infrastructure,and it is found that it presents the characteristics of integrity of all elements,coordination of the whole processes,openness of all time and space and regulation of the whole systems.By combing the main policies and experiences of scientific research funding institutions in developed countries on scientific data management and open sharing,this paper points out that China's scientific data open sharing ecosystem has not fully carried out the real scientific data collection work,the relevant institutions have not yet formulated special scientific data management and open sharing methods that meet their own requirements and characteristics,and have not fully established the data management scheme submission system,there are still some problems,such as not fully carrying out scientific data credible authentication.Based on the research findings,it puts forward some countermeasures to optimize the open sharing ecosystem of scientific data in China,including strengthening the comprehensive exchange of scientific data,formulating and perfecting relevant policies,strengthening front-end management and control,and constructing independent and controllable scientific data trusted certification standards.