社会技术耦合障碍与自动驾驶汽车归责难题破解

Social-Technical Coupling Obstacle and the Tackle of Difficult Problems of Self-driving Automobile Imputation

当前由于自动驾驶技术还不够成熟,且新旧技术交替与原有社会制度和支撑条件耦合存在较多障碍,因此自动驾驶汽车的事故归责成为一道普遍难题。运用社会技术系统理论,将自动驾驶汽车的归责难题看作是社会系统与技术系统相互作用的结果,然后讨论技术系统、组织系统、环境系统和人员系统等4个子系统相互之间的耦合障碍,以剖析自动驾驶汽车归责难题成因。研究发现导致自动驾驶汽车归责困难主要有四方面原因:技术系统内部的事故车辆行驶数据追溯难,技术与环境耦合中运营的制度环境和基础设施建设滞后,技术与组织耦合中企业伦理自查和外部监管不严,技术与人员耦合中工程师负责任创新意识不强和用户道德责任认识不清等。针对上述成因,从技术支持、硬件支撑、法律保障、保险护航、更新观念等五方面提出我国治理自动驾驶汽车归责难题的对策。

At present,due to the immaturity of self-driving automobile technology and the numerous obstacles posed by the coupling of new and old technologies with existing social systems and support conditions,the imputation of self-driving automobiles has become a common challenge.This paper puts forward that the imputation of self-driving automobiles is the result of the interaction between social system and technical system based on the theory of socio-technical systems,and then discusses the coupling obstacles between the four subsystems of technical system,organizational system,environmental system and personnel system,in order to find the reason for the imputation problem.The study finds that there are four main reasons for the imputation difficulty of self-driving automobiles:difficulty in tracing accident vehicle driving data within the technical system,lagging institutional environment and infrastructure construction in operation in the coupling of technology and environment,lax self ethical review of corporate and external supervision in the coupling of technology and organization,weak sense of responsible innovation among engineers and unclear understanding of user moral responsibility in the coupling of technology and personnel.In view of the above reasons,it puts forward the countermeasures to tackle the problem of imputation problem of self-driving automobiles in China from five aspects:technical support,hardware support,legal protection,insurance escort,and updating concepts.