近年我国水稻遗传育种研究进展与展望

Advance and Prospect of Rice Genetics and Breeding Research in 2020—2022 in China

综述了2020—2022年我国水稻遗传规律研究、品种选育与种业发展等方面的进展,简要比较了国内外的研究进展差异,提出了研究趋势与展望。在水稻品种演化规律研究方面,揭示了已知功能基因在主栽品种选育中的演化规律,发现高产、植株形态优势和抵御生物胁迫的抗性单倍型是籼稻主栽品种能够大面积种植的关键因素,早熟、抵御非生物胁迫的抗性单倍型是粳稻主栽品种大面积种植的关键;创制了世界首例重新设计和快速驯化的四倍体水稻,实现从“0”到“1”的突破,开辟了全新的作物育种方向;开发了一款智能化的水稻育种导航程序,在水稻新品种快速培育方面应用潜力巨大;创新了许多育种理论与技术,创制了许多基因编辑水稻材料,为新品种培育奠定基础,3年来育成审定品种(不育系)6177个,其中61.4%以企业为第一单位育成。

The paper overall reviewed the research progress of genetic rule,varieties breeding,seed industries of rice in 2020—2022 in China,briefly comparied the research difference in China and abroad,prospected the research trend and direction.In terms of research on the evolution of rice varieties,it was found that high yield,plant morphological dominance,and resistant haplotypes resistant to biological stress are critical factors for extensive area planting of primary types of indica rice,while early maturity and resistant haplotypes resistant to abiotic stress are vital factors for vast area planting of primary varieties of japonica rice;The world's first redesigned and rapidly domesticated tetraploid rice were created,achieving a breakthrough of"from 0 to 1"and opening up a new direction for crop breeding;An intelligent rice breeding navigation program has been developed,with great potential for application in the rapid cultivation of new rice varieties;Many new breeding theories and methods have been innovated,and several new breeding techniques have been invented.Over the past three years,6177 varieties(sterile male lines)have been bred and approved,61.4%of which were bred by enterprises.