不同施肥模式对巢湖流域麦田氮磷流失及小麦产量的影响

Effects of different fertilization models on nitrogen and phosphorus loss and wheat yield in wheat field in Chao Lake Basin

为了减轻巢湖流域农业氮磷流失对巢湖的污染,以巢湖流域稻麦轮作的麦季为研究时段,通过田间小区实验,研究不同施肥模式对麦田径流中氮磷流失、小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:施肥能显著增加麦田径流中氮磷流失浓度(p<0.05);与常规施肥(CG)相比,测土配方施肥(CT)、化肥减施+有机肥(YH1)、化肥减施+生物炭(YH2)、控释肥(KS)4种施肥模式总氮减排33.35%~38.73%,总磷减排22.95%~34.43%。与不施肥(CK)相比,施肥后小麦产量显著提高(p<0.05),不同施肥模式下小麦产量差异不显著(p≥0.05),但经济效益存在差异性。与CG相比,CT、YH1、YH2、KS可以提高氮肥和磷肥利用率,氮肥利用率提高了6.89%~14.47%,磷肥利用率提高了16.39%~31.71%。KS施肥模式在麦田氮磷减排和经济效益方面具有优势。

In order to reduce the pollution of Chao Lake from agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Chao Lake Basin,this paper investigated the effects of different fertilizer models on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in wheat runoff,wheat yield and fertilizer utilization rate through field plot experiments using wheat season of rice and wheat rotation in Chao Lake Basin.The results showed that fertilizer application significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in wheat runoff(p<0.05).Compared with conventional fertilizer application(CG),the four models of soil testing and formula fertilization(CT),fertilizer reduction+organic fertilizer(YH1),fertilizer reduction+biochar(YH2)and controlled release fertilizer(KS)fertilization models reduced total nitrogen by 33.35%-38.73%and total phosphorus by 22.95%-34.43%.The wheat yields were significantly higher in the fertilizer treatments compared to no fertilizer(CK)(p<0.05).The difference in wheat yields were not significant between fertilizer application patterns(p≥0.05),but there were differences in economic efficiency.Compared with CG fertilization model,CT,YH1,YH2 and KS fertilization models could improve nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization by 6.89%-14.47%for nitrogen and 16.39%-31.71%for phosphorus.KS fertilization model was more advantageous in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction and economic efficiency in wheat fields.