“认购碳汇”修复生态环境的司法适用研究

Study on judicial application of“subscription carbon sink”to restore ecological environment

“认购碳汇”作为环境司法实践开创性探索出的替代性修复方式,存在适用范围不清、违背环境司法救济内在逻辑和难以实现受损生态环境全面救济的问题。在适用范围上,“认购碳汇”是对生态系统碳汇功能损害的修复,应将适用“认购碳汇”修复生态环境局限于存在碳汇类损失的情形,包括林业、海洋碳汇等。在适用路径上,“认购碳汇”作为补偿性恢复措施是对生态环境期间损害的替代性修复,可适用于生态环境损害恢复的补偿性和补充性恢复两个阶段,故应优先适用基本恢复措施确定生态系统碳汇功能损失,而后以“认购碳汇”实现生态系统碳汇功能的全面恢复。

As a pioneering alternative restoration method explored in environmental judicial practice,the“carbon sink subscription”had problems such as unclear scope of application,violation of the inherent logic of environmental judicial relief,and difficulty in realizing comprehensive relief for damaged ecosystems.In terms of the scope of application,“carbon sink subscription”was the repair of damage to the ecosystem’s carbon sink function,and the application of“carbon sink subscription”to repair the ecological environment should be limited to the existence of the loss of carbon sinks,including forestry carbon sinks,marine carbon sinks,and so on.In terms of the path of application,“carbon sink subscription”as a compensatory restoration measure was an alternative repair for ecological environment period damage,and could be applied to both the compensatory restoration and supplementary restoration phases of ecological environment damage restoration.Therefore,priority should be given to basic restoration measures to determine the loss of the ecosystem’s carbon sink function,and then“carbon sink subscription”was used to realize the full restoration of ecosystem’s carbon sink function.