多级微纳米纤维隔热材料的制备及其热防护性能

Preparation of hierarchical micro and nano fiber insulation materials and their thermal protection properties

热防护服可以有效减少高温环境对人员的伤害,其中轻质、高效的隔热层能最大程度减少防护服对人员行动能力的限制。为了提高纤维隔热材料的性能,提出一种“限域溶胶-凝胶”原位组装策略,将聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纳米纤维溶胶填充到阻燃黏胶/芳纶水刺非织造材料(VAF-NMs)中,使其在VAF-NMs形成高孔隙率纳米纤维网络,从而制备PBO/VAF-NMs多级微纳米纤维网络毡(TNMMs)。通过瞬态平面热源法和热防护性能仪对TNNMs进行测试,其导热系数和热防护值分别为0.032 W/mK和35.2 cal/cm^(2),表现出优异的隔热性能和热防护性能;通过极限氧指数仪和服用舒适性测试,TNNMs的极限氧指数大于32,水蒸气透过率为2067 g/(m^(2)·d),透气性为103 mm/s,表现出优异的阻燃性和服用舒适性;并且TNNMs力学性能强,结构稳定,为民用和工业用热防护材料的设计提供了新思路。

Thermal protective clothing can effectively reduce the damage to personnel in high-temperature environments,while a lightweight and efficient insulation layer can minimize the restriction of personnel mobility.In order to obtain structurally superior thermal protective materials,a confined sol-gel strategy was designed to fill poly(p-phenylene benzodioxole)(PBO)nanofibers with sol-gel into flame-retardant viscose/aramid spunlace nonwoven fabric(VAF-NMs).The PBO nanofibers formed a high porosity nanofiber network in the VAF-NMs,and the PBO/VAF-NMs hierarchical micro-nanofiber network mats(TNMMs)were prepared.TNNMs were characterized by transient planar heat source method and thermal protection performance meter,and their thermal conductivity and thermal protection values are 0.032 W/mK and 35.2 cal/cm^(2),respectively,showing excellent thermal insulation and thermal protection performance.Through the ultimate oxygen index meter and wearing comfort test,the limit oxygen index of TNNMs is more than 32,the water vapor transmission rate is 2067 g/(m^(2)·d),and the air permeability is 103 mm/s,which shows excellent flame retardancy and wearing comfort.The strong mechanical properties and stable structure of TNNMs provide new ideas for the design of civilian and industrial thermal protection materials.