敦煌吐蕃壁画供养人所着云肩探究

Study on the Yunjian of Dunhuang Tubo murals donors

针对吐蕃云肩的形制、造型结构等问题,采用文献考据法、图像学法和比较研究法梳理、归纳了吐蕃时期穿戴云肩人物的图像遗存,并根据吐蕃时期云肩出现的时间及分布窟位分析其形制特点,探究相关文化制度内涵。研究表明:吐蕃云肩呈现一片制,并呈“如意头云纹状”;吐蕃云肩材质主要为绸缎、大虫皮2种类型,色彩饱和度较低,色彩和色调统一;影响吐蕃云肩的相关外部因素主要为佛教文化和中原文化,佛教对于吐蕃云肩的影响集中在“如意头云纹状”的形制层面,中原文化对吐蕃云肩的影响主要反映在丝绸材质和纹样特征。

In view of the shape and structure of the Tubo Yunjian,the image remained of the people wearing the Yunjian in the Tubo period were sorted out and summarized by the method of literature review,image study and comparative research,and analyzed the shape characteristics of the Yunjian according to the time of its appearance and the location of the caves in the Tubo period,so as to explore the connotation of the related cultural system.The result shows that the Tubo Yunjian has single shape and a“ruyi head moire shape”;Tubo Yunjian′s materials are mainly two tapes,namely,the satin and big worn skin with low color saturation,color and tone unity;Tubo Yunjian are affected by the external factors,mainly for buddhist culture and central plains culture,the influence of buddhism on Tubo Yunjian is mainly the shape of“Ruyi head moire shape”,and the influence of central plains culture on Tubo Yunjian is mainly reflected in the silk material and pattern characteristics.