碳基二氧化碳吸附材料研究进展

Research progress of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon-based materials

近年来,以CO_(2)为主的温室气体在大气中的浓度持续增加,温室效应日益加剧。二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是实现碳中和的托底技术,二氧化碳捕集成本占整个CCUS全链条的70%左右,开发低成本二氧化碳捕集技术是推动CCUS技术应用推广的重中之重。虽已开发多种先进材料(如沸石、金属有机骨架、介孔二氧化硅和聚合物)以应对二氧化碳捕集,但对活性炭(ACs)的研究仍是主流。碳材料具有来源广泛、价格低廉、孔隙结构丰富、物理化学性质稳定等优点,是一种极具应用潜力的二氧化碳吸附材料。现有碳基吸附材料仍存在二氧化碳吸附容量低、吸附选择性差等缺点,制约了其在二氧化碳捕集领域的应用,国内外研究人员开展了大量的碳基吸附材料改性工作,以满足工业应用需求。通过梳理碳基吸附材料造孔和表面改性两方面介绍了近几年国内外研究进展,总结了现有的物理活化法、化学活化法、模板法等造孔方法以及表面氧化、氮杂化、硫杂化、金属杂化等改性方法,并全面分析了不同方法的优缺点。针对目前的造孔技术,综合考虑选用更低成本的软模板剂和更易处理的硬模板剂;而在众多改性方法中,氮杂化改性和金属杂化改性目前研究较多,也是最有可能实现碳基吸附材料大规模放大生产的途径之一。

In recent years,the concentration of greenhouse gases,mainly CO_(2),in the atmosphere continues to increase,which leads to the increasing greenhouse effect.Carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)is the bottom technology to achieve carbon neutrality,and the cost of carbon dioxide capture accounts for about 70%of the whole CCUS chain.The development of low-cost carbon dioxide capture technology is the top priority to promote the application and promotion of CCUS technology.While researchers have developed a variety of advanced materials(such as zeolites,metal-organic frameworks,mesoporous silica,and polymers)to cope with CO_(2) capture,research on activated carbon(ACs)is still mainstream.Carbon material has the advantages of wide source,low price,abundant pore structure,stable physical and chemical properties,etc.It is a kind of carbon dioxide adsorption material with great application potential.The existing carbon-based adsorption materials still have the disadvantages of low carbon dioxide adsorption capacity and poor adsorption selectivity,which restricts their application in the field of carbon dioxide capture.Researchers at home and abroad have carried out a lot of modification work of carbon-based adsorption materials to meet the needs of industrial applications.The research progress at home and abroad in recent years was introduced by combing the two aspects of carbon-based adsorption material pore-making and surface modification.The existing pore-making methods such as physical activation method,chemical activation method,template method and surface oxidation,nitrogen hybrid,sulfur hybrid and metal hybrid modification methods were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods were comprehensively analyzed.In view of the current pore-making technology,the soft formwork agent with lower cost and the hard formwork agent with easier processing are considered.Among many modification methods,nitrogen hybrid modification and metal hybrid modification are studied more,and they are also one of the most likely ways to achieve large-scale production of carbon-based adsorption materials.