现代化进程中的城市文化遗产保护机制研究——基于荷兰城市遗产保护实践的分析

Urban Cultural Heritage Conservation Mechanisms in the Process of Modernization:Based on the Urban Heritage Conservation Practice in the Netherlands

在现代化进程中,城市遗产保护与可持续发展的平衡是一项重要课题。作为较早进行城市更新的国家,荷兰推出了多样化的城市遗产保护策略,为解决平衡城市保护和发展问题作出了重要贡献。本文对荷兰的城市遗产保护实践进行了分析,提出城市遗产保护的“价值认定一行动选择”机制,认为对城市文化遗产的价值认定是各主体采取保护行动的基础,这一过程受到多种因素的影响。公共部门对文化遗产进行价值认定和保护,侧重实现文化遗产的纪念价值和艺术价值;市场主体、社区居民和文化精英则分别出于成本收益评估、保护社区集体记忆和追求艺术发展等内驱因素,分别追求城市文化遗产的使用价值、纪念价值和艺术价值。权利义务规定限定了各个主体的行为边界,行动空间影响了行为主体互动的结果。这导致公共部门相较于其他主体在对文化遗产进行价值认定的过程中具有优先性。

In the process of modernization,the balance between urban heritage conservation and sustainable development is an important issue.As one of the earliest countries to start urban renewal,the Netherlands has adopted diversified urban heritage conservation strategies and made important contributions for balancing urban heritage conservation and development.This paper analyzes the practice of urban heritage conservation in the Netherlands,proposes the mechanism of"value identification-action taking"for urban heritage conservation,and draws the conclusion that value identification of urban heritage is the basis for the conservation actions taken by stakeholders,and this process is influenced by various factors.The public sector,offering value identification and protection,focuses on realizing the commemorative and artistic value of the cultural heritage.Market players,community residents,and cultural elites pursue the value in use,and the commemorative and artistic value of the urban heritage based on the endogenous factors of cost-benefit assessment,protection of the community's collective memory,and the pursuit of artistic development respectively.Rights and obligations define the boundaries of each actor's behavior,and action space influences the outcome of their interactions.These factors lead to the prioritization of the public sector over other actors in the process of value identification of urban heritage.