日本灾害信息多元主体协同治理体系研究及启示

Study and Enlightenment on the Cooperative Governance Model of Multi-agent of Disaster Information in Japan

灾害信息治理是应急管理能力现代化的重要支撑,多元主体协同是实现灾害信息治理现代化的有效方式。自2011年“3·11”日本地震后,日本开始反思灾害信息治理政策,构建多元主体协同的灾害信息治理模式。日本从立法、执行、监督三个层面构建灾害信息治理框架,近二十年来的灾害信息治理政策逐步向跨部门信息共享、跨区域信息治理、多元主体协同治理演化,并构建起包括国家主导模式、民间力量主导模式、众包模式的多元主体协同治理模式和治理机制。基于多元主体协同治理相关理论,从灾害信息治理主体、治理工具、治理客体三方面提出构建多元化、智能化、全周期的灾害信息治理模式,为我国构建现代化灾害信息治理体系提供参考和借鉴。

Disaster information governance is an important support for the modernization of emergency management capability,and multi-agent cooperation is an effective way to realize the modernization of disaster information governance.Since the March 11th earthquake in 2011,Japan has been reflecting on the disaster information governance policy,and constructing a multi-agent collaborative disaster information governance model.Japan constructs disaster information governance framework from three aspects of legislation,implementation and supervision.In the past 20 years,governance policy has evolved to three trends:cross-ministerial information sharing,cross-regional information governance and multi-agent collaborative governance.And a multi-agent collaborative governance model and governance mechanism is constructed,which includes a state-led model,a civilian-led model and a crowdsourcing model.Based on the theory of multi-agent collaborative governance,putting forward a multi-agent,intelligent and full-cycle disaster information governance model from three aspects of disaster information governance subject,governance tool and governance object,and providing reference and inspiration for the construction of a modernized disaster i nformation governance system in China.