偃师商城遗址制陶作坊区的产品与布局结构研究

Pottery Products and Structure of the Pottery-making Workshops Unearthed at the Shang City of Yanshi

本文以偃师商城遗址制陶作坊区的十座陶窑及与之共存的其他遗迹群为研究对象,通过遗存中发现的残次陶片的器类与数量的统计分析,讨论陶窑的主烧产品和辅烧产品。偃师商城3段和4段时,陶窑集中分布于作坊区的东侧,主烧商品为单一器类;5段时,陶窑集中分布于作坊区西侧,主烧产品转变为多种器类。陶窑以生产泥质陶器为主,主烧产品为盆、鬲和大口尊,此三者为偃师商城居民主要使用的日用陶器。制陶作坊区的规划和布局处于偃师商城城市建设的整体统筹之下,是商城东北部手工业区的组成部分。偃师商城遗址的制陶作坊为高度专业化的综合性附庸型手工业作坊,主要使用时间为4段和5段,以生产日用陶器为主,同时也生产葬器、高等级陶礼器等物品,以满足城内不同消费群体的需求。

The present work investigated ten pottery kilns and associated features in the pottery-making workshops at the Shang City of Yanshi.Special attention was paid to the primary and secondary pottery products at the workshops through statistical analysis of the complete and fragmented pottery.We conclude that during Phases II and IV,pottery kilns were concentrated to the east of the workshops,where only one single vessel shape and form was usually manufactured and fired;by Phase V,pottery kilns were densely distributed to the west of the pottery workshops,where pottery of diverse shapes and forms were fired,including the fine-paste pen-basin,li-tripod,and dakou zun(large-mouthed wine vessel),all being utilitarian vessels intensively used by the inhabitants within the city.We argue that the planning and layout of the workshops were apparently taken into consideration by the rulers of the Shang City of Yanshi and served as part of the craft production zone in the northeastern part of the city.We suggest that the pottery-making workshops at the Shang City of Yanshi were attached workshops in a highly developed economic system.They were mainly used in Phases IV and V,producing mainly utilitarian vessels for daily use but also artifacts as grave or prestige goods,to meet the needs of different consumers.