花生氮磷高效利用特征及生理分子机制研究进展

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Efficient Utilization and Its Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Peanut

氮和磷是花生生长发育必需的大量营养元素。探究花生氮磷吸收特征及其生理分子机制,对于减少肥料施用、促进花生增产、增效及降低环境污染风险有重要作用。本研究综述了氮磷对花生生长发育、固氮特性及产量品质等影响,阐述了花生氮磷高效吸收特征、氮磷生理与分子机制及其调控途径,提出挖掘氮磷高效基因、选育高效品种及建立氮磷高效利用技术等是未来亟待加强的方面,为花生肥料高效利用及绿色可持续发展提供重要理论依据。

Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients for better growth and yield of peanut crop.It is vitally important to explore the characteristics of N and P absorption in peanut and its physiological and molecular mechanisms,this can not only reduce the fertilizer application and environmental pollution,but also enhanced the peanut yield and efficiency.In this paper,the effects of N and P on growth,N-fixation,morpho-physiological traits,molecular mechanisms,quality and yield of peanut were summarized.The characteristics of N and P efficient absorption,physiological and molecular changes of nitrogen and phosphorus,and their regulatory approaches were elaborated.It was proposed that the aspects to be strengthened in the future studies were to excavate nitrogen and phosphorus high efficient genes,select of high efficient varieties and establish high efficient utilization technology of nitrogen and phosphorus,which could provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of fertilizer and green sustainable development of peanut.