不容忽视的“软实力”:非认知能力与个体收入不平等

A Remarkable“Soft Power”:Non-cognitive Ability and Individual Income Inequality

本文构建相对剥夺指数测度居民个体收入不平等程度,基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据实证分析非认知能力对居民个体收入不平等的影响及作用机制。结果表明,非认知能力能够显著抑制居民收入不平等状况的恶化。具体来说,宜人性、开放性和情绪稳定性对收入不平等的缓解作用更为显著,且基准回归结论在进行内生性检验和其他稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验显示,非认知能力主要通过增加其信息优势、提高人力资本和促进社会资本积累三个渠道来抑制个体收入不平等。进一步分析表明,非认知能力在数字经济欠发达地区、人机交互岗位上以及高人力资本人群中能更深刻地发挥对收入剥夺的抑制作用。

This paper constructs a relative deprivation index to measure the degree of individual income inequality and empirically examines how non-cognitive skills affect individual income inequality,using data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).Results show that noncognitive skills can significantly slow down the deterioration of income inequality among individuals.Specifically,agreeableness,openness,and emotional stability have a significant effect on alleviating income inequality.Results of benchmark regressions still hold under the endogenous test and robustness tests.Mechanism tests reveal that non-cognitive skills take effect by increasing individual information advantages,elevating human capital,and improving social capital accumulation.Further analysis indicates that non-cognitive skills play a profoundly negative role in income deprivation in areas with underdeveloped digital economy,positions with human-computer interaction,and employees with high human capital.