人质危机谈判中斯德哥尔摩效应的形成与应对

The Formation and Response of the Stockholm Effect in Hostage Crisis Negotiations

斯德哥尔摩效应是人质在被劫持过程中产生的一种依赖和帮助劫持者的病态心理情结。斯德哥尔摩效应的形成有着人质自身的心理机制和所处的外部环境因素,并大致经历恐惧、不安、同情三个阶段。斯德哥尔摩效应的形成可以从需求理论、认知失调、心理防御机制、从众心理等方面进行分析。在人质危机谈判中,警方可以通过突破劫持者心理防线、消除人质对劫持者的认同意识、阻断人质间斯德哥尔摩效应传染链、控制谈判节奏等方法来应对斯德哥尔摩效应的负面作用。

The Stockholm syndrome is a pathological psychological complex of dependence and assistance that arises during the hostage taking process.The formation of the Stockholm syndrome has its own psychological mechanism and external environmental factors,and roughly goes through three stages:fear,unease,and sympathy.The formation of the Stockholm syndrome can be analyzed from the perspectives of demand theory,cognitive dissonance,psychological defense mechanisms,and conformity psychology.In hostage crisis negotiations,the police can address the negative effects of the Stockholm syndrome by breaking through the psychological defense line of the hostage taker,eliminating the hostage’s sense of identification with the hostage taker,blocking the transmission chain of the Stockholm syndrome between hostages,and controlling the pace of negotiations.