刺激响应型聚合物乳化剂的研究进展

Research progress of stimuli-responsive polymer emulsifiers

聚合物乳化剂具有表面活性高、灵活易改性、生物相容性好的优点。在药物递送、石油运输、多相催化等领域,长期稳定的乳液不符合实际应用的需求,乳液需要在特定环境下实现可控地按需破乳。具有刺激响应性的聚合物乳化剂,可替代破乳剂应用于乳液体系中实现特殊环境下乳液稳定-快速破乳过程的转变,反应可控且具有可持续性。本文综述了近年来国内外对于具有刺激响应性质的聚合物乳化剂的研究进展,总结了pH、温度、CO_(2)、光、氧化还原、多重刺激响应等各类刺激响应型聚合物乳化剂的作用机理、响应行为方式及应用时的优缺点。文章还对刺激响应型聚合物乳化剂在医药、化妆品、食品、石油回收、生物催化等领域的应用发展现状进行总结,并对其未来发展前景进行展望。

The advantages of polymer emulsifiers,such as good biocompatibility and flexible modification,have been recognized by researchers.Compared with small molecule surfactants,polymer emulsifiers can not only increase the viscosity of emulsion but also effectively reduce the surface tension of oil and water.Traditional polymer emulsifiers can form long-term stable emulsions,and have been widely used in food,cosmetics,pesticides,materials,petrochemical and other fields.However,in the fields of drug delivery,oil transportation and heterogeneous catalysis,long-term stable emulsions do not meet the needs of practical applications.Emulsions need to be controlled and ondemand demulsification under specific environments to achieve material release or oil-water separation to meet the requirements of applications.The stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifier can replace demulsifier in emulsion system to realize the transition from emulsion stability to rapid demulsification process under special circumstances.The reaction is controllable and sustainable,which can realize multiple response cycles,improve application efficiency and reduce the waste of resources.This paper reviews the research progress of stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers at home and abroad in recent years,and summarizes the action mechanism,response behavior and advantages and disadvantages of various stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers,such as pH,temperature,CO_(2),light,redox,and multiple stimulus response.The application and development status of stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers in medicine,cosmetics,food,oil recovery,biocatalysis and other fields are summarized,and their future development prospects are also prospected.