从机械论到生态论:城乡义务教育一体化的哲学转向及实践路径

From Mechanical Theory to Ecological Theory:the Philosophical Turn and Practical Path of the Integration of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education

城乡义务教育一体化存在机械论和生态论两种哲学思维。机械一体化是物质性、区隔式和简单化的城乡义务教育一体化发展模式,具有还原性认知、景观化评价、外源式供给等局限;生态一体化是由多向度能量流动、多渠道信息传递、网络性文化建构和创生性物质循环构成的具有生命性、共生式和系统化特征的城乡义务教育一体化形态。以生态论视角反思城乡义务教育一体化实践发现,城乡义务教育一体化存在生命密度失调、能量流动失衡、信息传递无序、乡村文化式微和资源配置低效等问题。为此,推动城乡义务教育一体化需要从机械论向生态论哲学转向,构建生命本位、精神自治、文化融通、多维互动、平台支持的实践路径,促进我国城乡义务教育一体化高质量发展。

There are two philosophical thinking styles in the integration of urban and rural compulsory education:mechanical theory and ecological theory.Mechanical integration is a materialistic,segmented,and simplified development model of urban-rural compulsory education integration,which has limitations such as reductive cognition,spectacle evaluation,and external supply.Ecological integration is a form of urban-rural compulsory education integration composed of multi-dimensional energy flow,multi-channel information transmission,network cultural construction,and creative material circulation,with characteristics of vitality,symbiosis,and systematization.Reflecting on the practice of integrating urban and rural compulsory education from an ecological perspective,it is found that the mechanical integration of urban and rural compulsory education has problems such as imbalanced life density,imbalanced energy flow,disordered information transmission,declining rural culture,and inefficient resource allocation.Therefore,it is necessary to turn from mechanical theory to ecological theory,construct a practical path of life based,spiritual autonomy,cultural integration,multi-dimensional interaction,and platform support,in order to promote the high-quality development of the integration of urban and rural compulsory education.