烟秆生物质炭对连作植烟土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of tobacco stem biochar on soil nutrients,yield and quality of continuous cropping tobacco

【目的】明确烟秆生物质炭通过影响植烟土壤养分含量并最终影响烤烟产质量的可能路径,以期为今后利用生物质炭缓解烤烟连作障碍提供理论支撑。【方法】以红花大金元为研究对象,设置4个烟秆生物质炭施用量(0、300、500、600 g/株)处理,分析添加生物质炭对连作土壤不同形态养分含量及烤烟产质量的影响。【结果】在烤烟产值方面,施用烟秆生物质炭可有效提高烤烟的均价、产量、产值及中上等烟比例,其中以500 g/株处理最优。在土壤养分方面,生物质炭显著提高土壤pH、速效钾、全钾、水解性氮和有机质含量,且随烟秆生物质炭施用量的增加,pH、有机质含量均呈上升趋势;同时有机质组分MBC、CPOM、FPOM、LFOM和HFOM随生物质炭施入量的增加呈升高趋势,而HDOM、MOM和CDOM则呈降低趋势。相关性分析表明,土壤pH、水解性氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量与有机质组分间呈显著相关性,其中pH、水解性氮、速效钾、全氮与有机质、微生物量碳、细颗粒有机质,全磷与热水溶性有机质,全钾与有机质、轻组有机质、重组有机质、细颗粒有机质均呈显著正相关。逐步回归分析表明,烟秆生物质炭的施用使细颗粒有机质对pH和全钾、重组有机质对水解性氮、微生物量碳对全氮和有机质、热水溶性有机质对全磷具有促进作用。【结论】烟秆生物质炭是通过提高土壤中有机质含量,尤其是活性有机质含量来增强土壤养分循环,从而提高土壤pH、水解性氮和速效钾含量,促进烟株吸收,最终提高中上等烟比例和产质量。

【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the possible path of how tobacco stem biochar affected the nutrient content of tobacco plant⁃ing soil and the quality and yield of tobacco,and provide theoretical support for the use of biochar to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of tobacco in the future.【Method】Taking Honghua dajinyuan as the research object,four application rates of tobacco stem biochar(0,300,500,600 g/plant)were set up to analyze the effects of biochar addition on different nutrient forms in continuous cropping soil and its relationship with yield and quality.【Result】In terms of output value of tobacco,the application of tobacco stem biochar could effectively improve the average price,yield,output value and proportion of medium and superior⁃grade tobacco leaves,among which the treatment with biochar 500 g/plant was the best.In terms of soil nutrients,biochar significantly increased the soil pH,available potassium,total potassi⁃um,hydrolytic nitrogen and organic matter content,and with the increase of tobacco stem biochar application rate,the pH and organic matter content showed an upward trend;Meanwhile,the organic matter components MBC,CPOM,FPOM,LFOM and HFOM increased with the increase of biochar application,while HDOM,MOM and CDOM decreased.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correla⁃tions between soil pH,HN,VK,TN,TP and TK contents and organic matter components,among which pH,HN,VK,TN and SOM,LFOM,FPOM,TP and HDOM,TK and SOM,LFOM,HFOM,FPOM showed significant positive correlations.Stepwise regression analysis showed that the application of stem biochar promoted the effect of fine particulate organic matter on pH and total potassium,recombinant or⁃ganic matter on hydrolytic nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon on total nitrogen and organic matter,and hot water⁃soluble organic matter on total phosphorus.【Conclusion】Tobacco stem biochar could enhance soil nutrient cycling by increasing the content of organic matter in soil,especially the content of active organic matter,so as to improve the pH,hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium content,promote the ab⁃sorption of tobacco plants,and finally improve the proportion of medium and superior⁃grade tobacco leaves and the yield and quality.