基于梯次启动与优化算法的多集群风机最优调频方法

Optimal Frequency Regulation in Multi-cluster Wind Turbines Using a Step Start-up and Optimization Algorithm

高比例风电接入电网后能够有效缓解供电压力,但其随机性和波动性也降低了电网惯性,增加了电网调频压力。因此,近几十年来,基于风电场的各种频率调节技术得到广泛研究。其中,可以解决风电场功率和电力系统频率间解耦问题的风力发电机组自适应惯性下垂控制策略被认为是增强电网惯性最有效的方法之一。然而,目前的研究主要聚焦于一次频率下降(first frequency drop,FFD),并且对控制参数影响的研究不足。因此,提出了一种基于蒲公英优化(dandelion optimizer,DO)算法的梯次启动自适应惯性下降控制策略,以减小系统频率波动,减轻FFD、二次频率下降(second frequency drop,SFD)和三次频率下降(third frequency drop,TFD)。此外,DO算法优化了所设计控制器在50 MW、100 MW以及150 MW负荷增量下的控制参数,并将该优化参数用于不同负荷变化事件,最后在MATLAB/Simulink中进行仿真,进而评估该策略的性能。仿真结果表明,基于DO优化的控制器能够及时应对多种负荷增量变化,显著抑制系统频率下降。与常规试错法相比,负荷增加时,基于DO的SFD和TFD分别减少了11.34%和13.74%。

The substantial integration of wind power into the grid eases the load on the grid significantly,though its randomness and volatility also diminish grid inertia,thereby increasing the challenge of grid frequency regulation.Consequently,various frequency regulation techniques rooted in wind farms have received extensive attention in recent decades.Among these methods,adaptive inertial droop control of wind turbines is widely recognized as one of the most efficient approaches to fortify grid inertia.It effectively addresses the decoupling issue between wind farm power and power system frequency.Nevertheless,existing studies predominantly focuses on the first frequency drop(FFD)or overlooks the influence of control parameters.To address this gap,this paper introduces a novel step start-up adaptive inertial droop control strategy based on the dandelion optimizer(DO)algorithm.This strategy aims to curtail system frequency fluctuations and mitigate the impacts of the FFD,second frequency drop(SFD),and third frequency drop(TFD).Additionally,the DO algorithm optimizes the control parameters of the proposed controller for load increments of 50 MW,100 MW,and 150 MW.These optimized parameters are then applied to various load variation scenarios,and their performance is rigorously evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the DO optimization-based controller responds promptly to multiple load increment changes and substantially reduces system frequency degradation.Compared to the conventional trial-and-error method,the DO-based approach yields a remarkable reduction of 11.34%and 13.74%in SFD and TFD,respectively,when the load is increased.